Follow-Up Profile and Outcome of Preterms Managed with Kangaroo Mother Care

Wubishet Lakew, Bogale Worku

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2014.42020                

Abstract

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is effective in preventing hypothermia, establishing breastfeeding, and reducing nosocomial infection in preterm babies in resource-limited areas. Relatively little is known about long-term morbidity and mortality outcomes among Ethiopian infants managed with KMC. Aims: To describe the follow up profiles and outcome of infants managed with KMC and discharged alive. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study examined outcomes among infants who were 1) managed by KMC at Black Lion Hospital, 2) discharged alive, and 3) available for follow-up. Structured, pretested questionnaires were administered to mothers. Results: Of the 110 infants included in the study, 9.1% died over the study period and 60% of the deaths occurred at home. Mortality was 100% in those babies with mothers aged less than 18 years. Thirty five percent of the deaths occurred in those from rural location. Common medical problems identified in study subjects were respiratory infections (10%), gastroenteritis (7%), rickets (7%), and anemia (6%). About 20% of infants were readmitted to hospital at least once. KMC initiation within one week was not found to be significantly associated with survival, but continued KMC after discharge significantly decreased mortality in our sample. Conclusion: Frequent follow up is very important especially those with teenage mothers and coming from a rural location. Follow up should be frequent in the first 2 months after discharge. Further research is needed to explore the determinants of mortality and morbidity after hospital discharge.

Keywords

Preterm, Very Low Birth Weight, Kangaroo Mother Care, Follow Up Profile

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Barbara, J. (2004) Overview of Morbidity and Mortality. In: Kliegman, Behrman, Jensen and Stanton, Eds., Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, Elsevier, New York, 550-558.
[2]	Bogale, W. (1999) The Low Birth Weight Infant in the Ethio-Swedish Children’s Hospital, Addis Ababa. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 37, 111-119.
[3]	Conde-Agudelo, A., Belizán, J.M. and Diaz-Rossello, J. (2011) Kangaroo Mother Care to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in Low Birthweight Infants. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002771.pub2
[4]	Charpak, N., Riuz, J.G. and Zupan, J. (2005) Kangaroo Mother Care: 25 Years after. Acta Pediatrica, 94, 514-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08035250510027381
[5]	Tessier, R., Cristo, M., Velez, S., Girón, M., de Calume, Z.F. and Ruiz-Paláez (1998) Kangaroo Mother Care and the Bonding Hypothesis. Pediatrics, 102, e17-e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.2.e17
[6]	Ludington-Hoe, S.M., Ferreira, C.N. and Goldstein, M.R. (1999) Kangaroo Care with a Ventilated Preterm Infant. Acta Paediatrica, 87, 711-771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01539.x
[7]	Nguah, S.B., Wobil, P.N., Obeng, R., Yakubu, A., Kerber, K.J. and Lawn, J.E. (2011) Perception and Practice of Kangaroo Mother Care after Discharge from Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 11, 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-11-99
[8]	Rauch, F. and Schoenau, E. (2002) Skeletal Development in Premature Infants. A Review of Bone Physiology beyond Nutritional Aspects. Archives of Diseases in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 86, F82-F85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.86.2.F82
[9]	Kambarami, R.A., Chidede, O. and Pereira, N. (2003) Long-Term Outcome of Preterm Infants Discharged Home on Kangaroo Care in a Developing Country. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 23, 55-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000349803125002931