Factors Determining the Detection Time to Flavor in Healthy Adults

Satomi Miyaoka, Takako Yamazaki, Naoko Ito, Yozo Miyaoka

Department of Eating Disorder and Dysphagia, Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, 2-16 Kaminoyama, Murakami, Japan.
Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2014.43015                

Abstract

This study analyzed the factors responsible for determining the flavor detection time for chewed semi-solid foods. Thirteen healthy young adults (eight males and five females) were asked to chew gummy candies with five different fruit flavors (i.e., apple, grape, orange, pear, and strawberry) in a random order. The detection time to flavor was measured using an electromyography-based system, which was recently developed by the authors. Briefly, each participant was recorded with surface masseter electromyograms on both sides to determine the start of chewing. Each participant was asked to press a button as soon as possible with his/her preferred hand after detecting the flavor. The time elapsed between the start of chewing and the button press was measured. Two taste components, sugars and organic acids, of the gummy candies were chemically analyzed, and two major sugars and organic acid were individually detected. The odor intensity was also analyzed for the gummy candies. The average detection time significantly differed among the five gummy candies and among the participants. Simple regression analyses revealed that the intensity of the odors was significantly associated with the average time intervals, but the amounts of the two major sugars and the organic acids were not. The analysis yielded the following equation for the regression estimation:   (y = the time interval, x = the intensity of odors). The results suggest that the intensity of odors of the gummy candies, not the taste components, is responsible for determining the flavor detection time.

Keywords

Flavor; Detection Time; Semi-Solid Food; Masseter; Electromyogram; Chewing; Human

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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