Characteristics of Dispersed ZnO-Folic Acid Conjugate in Aqueous Medium

Abstract

The focus of this article is based on the aqueous dispersed state properties of inorganic ZnO nanoparticles (average size ≤ 4 nm), their surface modification and bio-functionalization with folic acid at physiological pH ~ 7.5, suitable for bio-imaging and targeted therapeutic application. While TEM studies of the ZnO nano-crystallites have been performed to estimate their size and morphology in dry state, the band gap properties of the freshly prepared samples, the hydrodynamic size in aqueous solution phase and the wide fluorescence range in visible region have been investigated to establish the fact that the sol is particularly suitable for bio-medical purpose in the aqueous dispersed state.

Share and Cite:

Dutta, S. and Ganguly, B. (2014) Characteristics of Dispersed ZnO-Folic Acid Conjugate in Aqueous Medium. Advances in Nanoparticles, 3, 23-30. doi: 10.4236/anp.2014.31004.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] S. Dutta, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Sarkar, M. Chakrabarti, D. Sanyal and D. Jana, “Role of Defects in Tailoring Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO,” Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 54, No. 1, 2009, pp. 89-136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.07.002
[2] S. Monticone, R. Tufeu and A. V. Kanaev, “Complex Nature of the UV and Visible Fluorescence of Colloidal ZnO Nanoparticles,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102, No. 16, 1998, pp. 2854-2862.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp973425p
[3] M. J. Murcia and C. A. Naumann, “Biofunctionalization of Flu-Orescent Nanoparticles,” In: S. S. Challa and R. Kumar, Eds., Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences, Vol. 1. Biofunctionalization of Nanomate Rials, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2005, pp. 1-40.
[4] N. Erathodiyil and J. Y. Ying, “Functionalization of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications,” Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 44, No. 10, 2011, pp. 925-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar2000327
[5] J. W. Rasmussen, E. Martinez, P. Louka and D. G. Wingett, “Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Selective Destruction of Tumor Cells and Potential for Drug Delivery Applications,” Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2010, pp. 1063-1077.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2010.502560
[6] C. Hanley, J. Layne, A. Punnoose, K. M. Reddy, I. Coombs, A. Coombs, K. Feris and D. Wingett, “Preferential Killing of Cancer Cells and Activated Human T Cells Using ZnO Nanoparticles,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, No. 29, 2008, pp. 295103-295113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/29/295103
[7] S. T. Selvan, T. T. Y. Tan, D. K. Yi and N. R. Jana, “Functional and Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Bioimaging and Biosensing,” Langmiur, Vol. 26, No. 14, 2010, pp. 11631-11641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la903512m
[8] C. Hanley, A. Thurber, C. Hanna, et al., “The Influences of Cell Type and ZnO Nanoparticle Size and Immune Cell Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Induction,” Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 4, No. 12, 2009, pp. 1409-1420.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9413-8
[9] P. Ruenraroengsak, J. M. Cook and A. T. Florence, “Nanosystem Drug Targeting: Facing up to Complex Realities,” Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 141, No. 3, 2010, pp. 265-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.032
[10] S. M. Moghimi and A. R. Rajabi-Siahboomi, “Recent Advances in Cellular, Sub-Cellular and Molecular Targeting,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2000, pp. 129-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(99)00060-5
[11] A. Guaragna, A. Chiaviello, C. Paolella, D. D’Alonzo and G. Palumbo, “Synthesis and Evaluation of Folate-Based Chlorambucil Delivery Systems for Tumor-Targeted Chemotherapy,” Bioconjugate Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2012, pp. 84-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc200410d
[12] Y. Wang and L. Chen, “Quantum Dots, Lighting up the Research and Development of Nanomedicine,” Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2011, pp. 385-402.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2010.12.006
[13] Y. L. Liu, Y. H. Yang, H. F. Yang, Z. M. Liu, G. L. Shen and R. Q. Yu, “Nanosized Flower-Like ZnO Synthesized by a Simple Hydrothermal Method and Applied as Matrix for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization for ElectroBiosensing,” Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Vol. 99, No. 10, 2005, pp. 2046-2053.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.07.001
[14] S. Dutta and B. N. Ganguly, “Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Grown in Presence of Folic Acid Template,” Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Vol, 10, No. 1, 2012, pp. 29-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-10-29
[15] A. L. Kholodenko and J. F. Douglas, “Generalized StokesEinstein Equation for Spherical Particle Suspensions,” Physical Review E, Vol. 51, No. 2, 1995, pp. 1081-1090.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.1081
[16] M. Kerker, “The Scattering of Light and the Electromagnetic Radiation,” Academic Press, New York, 1969.
[17] G. W. Castellan, “Physical Chemistry,” 3rd Edition, Narosa, New Delhi, 2002, p. 364.
[18] R. C. Murdock, L. Braydich-Stolle, A. M. Schrand, J. J. Schlager and S. M. Hussain, “Characterization of Nanomaterial Dispersion in Solution Prior to in Vitro Exposure Using Dynamic Light Scattering Technique,” Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 101, No. 2, 2008, pp. 239-253.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm240
[19] M. Nagao, “Physiosorption of Water on Zinc Oxide Surface,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 75, No. 25, 1971, pp. 3822-3828.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100694a007
[20] M. Abercrombie and E. J. Ambrose, “The Surface Properties of Cancer Cells: A Review,” Cancer Research, Vol. 22, 1962, pp. 525-548.
[21] S. W. Ryter, H. P. Kim, A. Hoetzel, et al., “Mechanisms of Cell Death in Oxidative Stress,” Antioxid Redox Signal, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2007, pp. 49-89.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.9.49
[22] J. Pancove, “Optical Processes in Semiconductors,” Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1979.
[23] S. Rani, P. Suri, P. K. Shishodia and R. M. Mehra, “Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powder via Sol-Gel Route for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 92, No. 12, 2008, pp. 1639-1645.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.07.015
[24] L. Brus, “Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters: Experiment and Theory,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 90, No. 12, 1986, pp. 2555-2560.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100403a003
[25] J. R. Lakowicz, “Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy,” Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7658-7
[26] J. Minbiao, et al., “Rapid, Label-Free Detection of Brain Tumors with Stimulated Raman Scattering Micro Scopy,” Science Translational Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 201, 2013, p. 201ra119.

Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.