Macronutrients Uptake in Soybean as Affected by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculation and Phosphorus (P) Supplements

Eutropia V. Tairo, Patrick A. Ndakidemi

School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.54063                

Abstract

Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on macronutrient uptake by soybean. The treatments consisted of B. japonicum inoculation (with & without), phosphorus supplementation at the levels of 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P·ha^-1. Both treatments were replicated four times in a split plot design. The macronutrients considered were N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Results showed that inoculation with B. japonicum significantly contribute to the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole soybean plant. Likewise, phosphorus supplementation significantly enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, shoots, pods and the whole plant. The use of effective strains of rhizobia and P supplementation was an effective way of enhancing the growth of soybean, eventually the uptake of macronutrients in plant organs.

Keywords

Legumes; Plant Nutrients; Nitrogen (N); Phosphorus (P); Potassium (K); Calcium (Ca); Magnesium (Mg)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	R, Uchida, “Essential Nutrients for Plant Growth: Nutrient Functions and Deficiency Symptoms. Plant Nutrient Management in Hawaii’s soils,” College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000, pp. 31-55.
[2]	H. Marschner, “Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants,” 2nd Edition, Academic Press, London, 1995, 889 p.
[3]	R. N. Roy, A. Finck, G. J. Blair and H. L. S. Tandon, “Plant Nutrition for Food Security—A Guide for Integrated Nutrient Management,” FAO, 2006.
[4]	M. K. Abbas, A. Majeed, A. Sadiq and S. R. Khan, “Application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Phosphorus Fertilization Improved Growth, Yield and Nodulation of Soybean in the Sub-Humid Hilly Region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan,” Plant Production Science, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2008, pp. 368-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/pps.11.368
[5]	J. H. J. R. Makoi, S. Bambara and P. A. Ndakidemi, “Rhizobium Inoculation and the Supply of Molybdenum and Lime Affect the Uptake of Macronutrients in Common Bean (P. vulgaris L.) Plants,” Australian Journal of Crop Science, Vol. 7, No. 6, 2013, pp. 784-793.
[6]	P. A. Ndakidemi, F. D. Dakora, E. M. Nkonya, D. Ringo and H. Mansoor, “Yield and Economic Benefits of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Soybean (Glycine max) Inoculation in Northern Tanzania,” Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2006, pp. 571-577.
[7]	P. Gyaneshwar, G. N. Kumar, L. J. Parekh and P. S. Poole, “Role of Soil Microorganisms in Improving P Nutrition of Plants,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 245, No. 1, 2002, pp. 83-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020663916259
[8]	M. Q. Shahid, M. F. Saleem, H. Z. Khan and S. A. Anjum, “Performance of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Different Phosphorus Levels and Inoculation,” Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2009, pp. 237-241.
[9]	T. M. Sa and D. W. Israel, “Energy Status and Functioning of Phosphorus Deficient Soybean Nodules,” Plant Physiology, Vol. 97, No. 3, 1991, pp. 928-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.97.3.928
[10]	A. Singh, A. Baoule, H. G. Ahmed, A. U. Dikko, U. Aliyu, M. B. Sokoto, J. Alhassan, M. Musa and B. Haliru, “Influence of Phosphorus on the Performance of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) Varieties in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria,” Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2011, pp. 313-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2011.23042
[11]	J. M. Bremner, “Total Nitrogen,” In C. A. Black, et al., Eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, 1965, pp. 1149-1178.
[12]	J. Murphy and J. P. Rilley, “A Modified Single Solution Method for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Water,” Analytical Chemistry Acta, Vol. 27, No. C, 1962, pp. 31-36.
[13]	P. R. Hesse, “A Text Book of Soil Chemistry Analysis,” John Murray Ltd., London, 1971, pp. 120-309.
[14]	R. G. D. Steel and J. H. Torrie, “Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach,” 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1980.
[15]	S. Perveen, M. S. Khan and A. Zaidi, “Effect of Rhizospheric Microorganisms on Growth and Yield of Greengram (Phaseolus radiatus),” Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 7, 2002, pp. 421-423.
[16]	M. S. Khan and A. Zaidi, “Synergistic Effects of the Inoculation with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on the Performance of Wheat,” Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry, Vol. 31, No. 6, 2007, pp. 355-362.
[17]	F. Ahmad, I. Ahmad and M. S. Khan, “Screening of Free-Living Rhizospheric Bacteria for Their Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Activities,” Microbiology Research, Vol. 163, No. 2, 2008, pp. 173-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02898602
[18]	A. K. Halder and P. K. Chakrabartty, “Solubilization of Inorganic Phosphate by Rhizobium,” Folia Microbiology, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1993, pp. 325-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02898602
[19]	Y. Wang, H. N. Brown, D. E. Crowley and P. J. Szaniszlo, “Evidence for Direct Utilization of a Siderophore, Ferrioxamine B, in Axenically Grown Cucumber,” Plant Cell and Environment, Vol. 16, No. 5, 1993, pp. 579-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00906.x
[20]	M. H. Abd-Alla, “Phosphatases and the Utilization of Organic P by Rhizobium leguminosarum Biovar Viceae,” Letters Applied Microbiology, Vol. 18, No. 5, 1994, pp. 294-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00873.x
[21]	I. A. EI-Ghandour, M. A. O. EI-Sharawy and E. M. Abdel-Moniem, “Impact of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium on the Growth and P, N and Fe Uptake by Faba-Bean,” Fertilizer Research, Vol. 43, No. 1-3, 1996, pp. 43-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00747681
[22]	D. A. Phillips and F. D. Dakora, “Root Exudates as Mediators of Mineral Acquisition in Low-Nutrient Environments,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 245, No. 1, 2002, pp. 35-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020809400075
[23]	K. E. Lee and C. E. Pankhurst, “Soil Organisms and Sustainable Productivity,” Australian Journal of Soil Research, Vol. 30, No. 6, 1992, pp. 855-892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR9920855
[24]	E. Jensen and H. Hauggaard-Nielsen, “Facilitative Root Interactions in Intercrops,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 274, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 237-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-1305-1
[25]	A. Sanon, Z. N. Andrianjaka, Y. Prin, R. Bally, J. Thioulouse, G. Comte and R. Duponnois, “Rhizosphere Microbiota Interfers with Plant-Plant Interactions,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 321, No. 1-2, 2009, pp. 259-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0010-5
[26]	M. Yahya-Abadi, “Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixation Potential and Nutrients up Taking in Some Common Bean Symbiosis Bacteria,” Proceeding of 10th Iranian Congress of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, 19-21 August, Karaj, Iran, 2008, p. 75.
[27]	M. Mehrpouyan, “Effects of Different Inoculants on Nutrients Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean,” International Journal of AgriScience, Vol. 2, No. 9, 2012, pp. 831-838.
[28]	S. K. Dubey, “Co-Inoculation of Phosphorus Bacteria with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to Increase Phosphate Availability to Rainfed Soybean in Vertisol,” Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1997, pp. 506-509.
[29]	A. Hussain, A. Ali and I. R. Noorka, “Effect of Phosphorus with and without Rhizobium Inoculation on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration and Uptake by Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.),” Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2012, p. 49.