Heck Reactions with Ultralow Concentration of Transition Metals under Microwave Irradiation

Hongjun Wang, Haiyang Cheng, Fengyu Zhao

State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China; Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.

DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2014.41001                

Abstract

The Heck coupling reactions of aryl halides and olefins were performed under the microwave assistance. Interestingly, the ultralow concentration of transition metals (in ppb) coming from the reactants could catalyze the Heck coupling reactions under microwave irradiation, without addition of any catalysts, ligands and phase-transfer agents. The influences of bases, solvents and temperature were discussed, and the reaction rate was enhanced largely in the mixed solvents of NMP and water due to the solubility of base in water.

Keywords

Heck Reaction; Microwave Irradiation; Ultralow Concentration; Transition Metal Catalysts; Water

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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