Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Power Load Based on TOU Price

Yubo Fan, Chunlin Guo, Pengxin Hou, Zheci Tang

State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.

DOI: 10.4236/epe.2013.54B255                

Abstract

Large-scale electric vehicle charging has a significant impact on power grid load, disorderly charging will increase power grid peak load. This article proposes an orderly charging mechanism based on TOU price. To build an orderly charging model by researching TOU price and user price reaction model. This article research the impact of electric vehicle charging on grid load by orderly charging model. With this model the grid’s peak and valley characteristics, the utilization of charging equipment, the economics of grid operation can all be improved.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles; DSM; TOU Price; Orderly Charge; Power Load

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	W. W. F. Scotland, “The Role of Electric Vehicles in Scotland's Low Carbon Future,” May 2010.
[2]	J. Voelcker, “Top 10 Tech Cars,” IEEE Spectrum, April, 2007.
[3]	J. C. Gomez and M. M. Morcos, “Impact of EV Battery Chargers on the Power Quality of Distribution Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2003, pp. 975-981. doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2003.813873
[4]	P. T. Staats, W. M. Grady, A. Arapostathis and R. S. Thallam, “A Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Electric Vehicle Battery Charging on Distribution System Harmonic Voltages,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1998, pp. 640-646. doi:10.1109/61.660951
[5]	J. T. Salihi, “Energy Requirements for Electric Cars and Their Impact on Electric Generation and Distribution Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1973, Vol. IA-9, No. 5, pp. 516-532. doi:10.1109/TIA.1973.349925
[6]	IET Transport desk, “UK Grid Capacity 'Sufficient' for Electric Vehicles,” Published on I May 2009.
[7]	G. B. Shrestha and B. C Chew, “Study on the Optimization of Charge Discharge Cycle of Electric Vehicle Batteries in the Context of Singapore,” Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2007, Australasian, 2007, pp. I-7.
[8]	National Statistics, “Department for Transport,” Transport Statistics Bulletin-vehicle Licensing Statistics: 2008,' 9th April 2009.
[9]	D. Linden and T. B. Reddy, “Hand Book of Batteries,” Third Edition, McGraw-Hili, Aug., 2001.
[10]	G. Rogers, “Spectrum-Technology Highlights and R&D Activities at FEV,” 2008, No. 39.
[11]	A. Mendoza and J. Argueta, “Performance Characterization - GM EVI Panasonic Lead Acid Battery,” Southern California EDISON, April, 2000.
[12]	C. Madrid, J. Argueta and J. Smith, “Performance Characterization - 1999 Nissan Altra - EV with Lithiumion Battery,” Southern California EDISON, September, 1999.
[13]	R. Solares and J. Argueta, “Performance Characterization – 1999 Toyota RA V 4 - EV with NiMH battery, Southern California EDISON,” October, 1999.
[14]	National Statistics, Department for Transport, “Travel to work-personal Travel Factsheet,” July 2007.
[15]	National Grid, National Gird Operational Data, Accessed in May, 2010.