Different Approaches of Employing Cholesteric Liquid Crystals in Dye Lasers

Abstract

Two ways of employing cholesteric liquid crystals in tunable dye lasers are considered: the cholesterics as distributed feedback medium and the cholesterics as resonator mirrors. In the dye doped distributed feedback cholesteric liquid crystal lasers the frequency tuning is achieved exploiting light induced effects or using a specially designed cell assembling a chiral dopant concentration gradient in combination with suitable distribution of different dyes. Another approach represents the lasing in a multilayer system consisting of a dye doped isotropic solvent sandwiched between two CLC layers.

Share and Cite:

G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, M. De Santo and M. Matranga, "Different Approaches of Employing Cholesteric Liquid Crystals in Dye Lasers," Materials Sciences and Applications, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2011, pp. 116-129. doi: 10.4236/msa.2011.22016.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, “The Physics of Liquid Crystals,” Clarendon, Oxford, 1993.
[2] S. Chandrasekhar, “Liquid Crystals,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
[3] V. P. Bykov, “Spontaneous Emission in a Periodic Structure,” Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 35, 1972, pp. 269-273.
[4] E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 58, No. 20, 1987, pp. 2059-2062. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2059
[5] P. P. Sorokin and J. R. Lankard, “Stimulated Emission Observed from an Organic Dye, Chloro-Aluminum Phthalo-Cyanine,” IBM Journal of Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1966, pp. 162-163. doi:10.1147/rd.102.0162
[6] F. P. Sch?fer, W. Schmidt and J. Volze, “Organic Dye Solution Laser,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 9, 1966, pp. 306-309. 10.1063/1.1754762
[7] I. P. Ilchishin, E. A. Tikhonov, V. G. Tishchenko and M. T. Shpak, “Tuning of the Emission Frequency of a Dye Laser with Bragg Mirror in the Form of a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal,” Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 8, 1978, pp. 1487-1488. doi:10.1070/QE1978v008n12ABEH011397
[8] G. Chilaya, “Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Optics, Electrooptics, and Photooptics," In: H.-S. Kitzerow and C. H. Bahr, Eds., Chirality in Liquid Crystals, Series Partially Ordered Systems, Springer Verlag, New York, 2001, pp. 159-185. doi:10.1007/0-387-21642-1_6
[9] G. S. Chilaya, “Light-Controlled Change in the Helical Pitch and Broadband Tunable Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Lasers,” Crystallography Reports, Vol. 51, 2006, pp. S108-S118. doi:10.1134/S1063774506070169
[10] G. Chilaya, “Induction of Chirality in Nematic Phases,” Revue de Physique Appliquée, Vol. 16, No. 5, 1981, pp. 193-208.
[11] G. S. Chilaya and L. N. Lisetski, “Helical Twist in Cholesteric Mesophases,” Soviet Physics Uspekhi, Vol. 24, No. 6, 1981, pp. 496-510. 10.1070/PU1981v024n06ABEH004849
[12] G. S. Chilaya and L. N. Lisetski, “Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Physical Properties and Molecular-Statistical Theories,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 140, 1986, pp. 243-286. doi:10.1080/00268948608080157
[13] G. S. Chilaya, “Effect of Various External Factors and Pretransitional Phenomena on Structural Transformations in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Crystallography Reports, Vol. 45, No. 5, 2000, pp. 944-960.
[14] L. Pohl, “Application in Liquid Crystals in Spectroscopy,” In: H. Stegemeyer, Guest Ed., Liquid Crystals, Springer, New York, 1994, pp. 173-193.
[15] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili and D. Sikharulidze, “Light Induced Effects in Absorbing Cholesterics,” 6th European conference on Liquid Crystals, Halle, 2001, # 2-P3.
[16] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili and D. Sikharulidze, “Light Induced Effects in Cholesteric Mixtures with Azoxycompound Nematic Host, Proceedings of the 10th SID Symposium, Advanced Display Technologies,” Minsk, 2001, pp. 42-45.
[17] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili and D. Sikharulidze, “Light Induced Effects in Cholesteric Mixtures with a Photosensitive Nematic Host,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 409, 2004, pp. 209-218. doi:10.1080/15421400490431291
[18] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili and P. J. Collings, “Trans-cis Isomerization and Blue Phases,” Physical Review E, Vol. 71, No. 5, 2005, pp. 051705. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.051705
[19] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, M. P. de Santo, M. A. Matranga and P. Collings, “Light Control of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Using Azoxy-Based Host Materials,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 453, 2006, pp. 123-140. doi:10.1080/15421400600651641
[20] D. Aronzon, E. Levy, P. Collings, A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya and G. Petriashvili, “Trans-cis Isomerization of an Azoxybenzene Liquid Crystal,” Liquid Crystals, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2007, pp. 707-718.
[21] S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, and G. Petriashvili, “Chiral Azobenzene Nematics Phototunable with a Green Laser Beam,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 488, 2008, pp. 42-55. doi:10.1080/15421400802240144
[22] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino and M. Giocondo, “Cholesteric Mixtures Sensitive to Solar Irradiation,” Abstracts of the International Workshop on Bulk-Surface Effects in Liquid Crystals for Photonic Applications, Cagliari, 2002.
[23] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino and M. Giocondo, “Cholesteric Mixtures Sensitive to Solar UV B Irradiation,” 7th European Conference on Liquid Crystals, Jaca, 2003, p. 150.
[24] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino and M. P. de Santo, “Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Mixtures Sensitive to Different Ranges of Solar UV Irradiation,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 434, 2005, pp. 353-366.
[25] L. S. Goldberg and J. M. Schnur, “Tunable Internal-Feedback Liquid Crystal-Dye Laser,” US Patent, No. 3,771, 065, 1973.
[26] N. V. Kukhtarev, “Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Laser with Distributed Feedback,” Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 8, No. 6, 1978, pp. 774-776. doi:10.1070/QE1978v008n06ABEH010397
[27] I. P. Ilchishin, E. A. Tikhonov, V. G. Tishchenko and M. T. Shpak, “Generation of a Tunable Radiation by Impurity Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters, Vol. 32, 1980, pp. 24-27.
[28] V. I. Kopp, B. Fan, H. K. M. Vithana and A. Z. Genack, “Low-Threshold Lasing at the Edge of a Photonic Stop Band in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Optics Letters, Vol. 23, No. 21, 1998, pp. 1707-1709. doi:10.1364/OL.23.001707
[29] V. I. Kopp, B. Fan, Z.-Q. Zhang and A. Z. Genack, “Lasing in Chiral Photonic Structures,” Progress in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 6, 2003, pp. 369-416. doi:10.1016/S0079-6727(03)00003-X
[30] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla and L. Oriol, “Phototunable Lasing in Dye-Doped Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, No. 26, 2003, pp. 5353-5355. doi:10.1063/1.1636818
[31] V. G. Syromyatnikov, L. O. Vretik, O. V. Yaroshchuk, Y. A. Zakrevskyy, T. M. Kim, J. H. Jo, J. Y. Kim and S. H. Kim, “Naphthalene Containing Polymers as New Photoaligning Materials for LCs,” ILCC2000 International Liquid Crystal Conference N18, Sendai, Vol. 368, 2001, pp. 543-549.
[32] N. Kawatsuki, H. Takatsuka, and T. Yamamoto, “Thermally Stable Photoalignment Layer of a Novel Photo-Crosslinkable Polymethacrylate for Liquid Crystal Display,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 40, No. 3A, 2001, pp. L209-L211. doi:10.1143/JJAP.40.L209
[33] I. P. Ilchishin, O. V. Yaroshchuk, S. V. Gryshchenko and E. A. Shayduik, “Influence of the Light Induced Molecular Transformations on the Helix Pitch and Lasing Spectra of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” XVI International Conference on Spectroscopy of Molecules and Crystals, Vol. 5507, 2004, pp. 229-234.
[34] A. Fuh, T.-H. Lin, J.-H. Liu and F.-C. Wu, “Lasing in Chiral Photonic Liquid Crystals and Associated Frequency Tuning,” Optics Express, Vol. 12, 2004, pp. 1857-1863. doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.001857
[35] S. Furumi, S. Yokoyama, A. Otomo and S. Mashiko, “Phototunable Photonic Bandgap in a Chiral Liquid Crystal Laser Device,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, 2004, pp. 2491-2493. doi:10.1063/1.1699445
[36] P. V. Shibaev, R. L. Sanford and D. Chiappetta, “Light Controllable Tuning and Switching of Lasing in Chiral Liquid Crystals,” Optics Express, Vol. 13, 2005, pp. 2358-2363. doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.002358
[37] T.-H. Lin, Y.-J. Chen, C.-H. Wu, A. Fuh, J.-H. Liu and P.-C. Yang, “Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Laser with Wide Tuning Capability,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, No. 16, 2005, pp. 161120 (1-3). 10.1063/1.1897439
[38] G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla and P. V. Shibaev, “Reversible Tuning of Lasing in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Controlled by Light Emitting Diodes,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2007, pp. 565-568. doi:10.1002/adma.200600353
[39] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla and L. Oriol, “Lasing in Dye Doped Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Two New Tuning Strategies,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 16, No. 9-10, 2004, pp. 791-795. doi:10.1002/adma.200306542
[40] T. Forster, “Zwischenmolekul are Energiewnderung Und Fluoreszenz,” Annalen der Physik, Vol. 437, No. 1, 1948, pp. 55-75. doi:10.1002/andp.19484370105
[41] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, R. Gimenez, L. Oriol and M. Pinol, “Widely Tunable Ultraviolet-Visible Liquid Crystal Laser,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, 2005, pp. 051107 (1-3). 10.1063/1.1855405
[42] B. M. Krasovitskii and B. M. Bolotin, “Organic Luminescent Materials,” VCH, Weinheim, 1988.
[43] Y. Huang, Y. Zhou and S. T. Wu, “Spatially Tunable Laser Emission in Dye-Doped Photonic Liquid Crystals,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, 2006, pp. 011107 (1-3). 10.1063/1.2161167
[44] K. Sonoyama, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa and H. Takezoe, “Position-Sensitive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Dye Laser Covering a Full Visible Range,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 46, No. 36, 2007, pp. L874-L876. doi:10.1143/JJAP.46.L874
[45] T. Manabe, K. Sonoyama, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa and H. Takezoe, “Toward Practical Application of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals to Tunable Lasers,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 18, 2008, pp. 3040-3043. doi:10.1039/b802461h
[46] G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, M. P. de Santo and M. A. Matranga, “Enhancing Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Laser Stability by Cell Rotation,” Optics Express, Vol. 14, 2006, pp. 9939-9943. doi:10.1364/OE.14.009939
[47] Y. Zhou, Y. Huang, A. Rapaport, M. Bass and S. T. Wu, “Doubling the Optical Efficiency of a Chiral Liquid Crystal Laser Using a Reflector,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, No. 23, 2005, pp. 231107 (1-3).
[48] Y.-C. Yang, C.-S. Kee, J.-E. Kim and H.-Y. Park, “Photonic Defect Modes of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Physical Review E, Vol. 60, 1999, pp. 6852-6854. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.60.6852
[49] V. I. Kopp and A. Z. Genack, “Twist Defect in Chiral Photonic Structures,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89, 2002, pp. 033901 (1-4).
[50] T. Matsui, M. Ozaki and K. Yoshino, “Tunable Photonic Defect Modes in a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Induced by Optical Deformation of Helix,” Physical Review E, Vol. 69, 2004, pp. 061715 (1-4).
[51] J. Schmidtke, W. Stille and H. Finkelmann, “Defect Mode Emission of a Dye Doped Cholesteric Polymer Network,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, 2003, pp. 083902 (1-4).
[52] M. H. Song, B. Park, K.-C. Shin, T. Ohta, Y. Tsunoda, H. Hoshi, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, J. Watanabe, S. Nishimura, T. Toyooka, Z. Zhu, T. M. Swager and H. Take- zoe,” Effect of Phase Retardation on Defect Mode Lasing in Polymeric Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Advanced Materials, 2004, Vol. 16, No. 9-10, pp. 779-783. doi:10.1002/adma.200306360
[53] M. H. Song, N. Y. Ha, K. Amemiya, B. Park, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, J. W. Wu, S. Nishimura, T. Toyooka and H. Takezoe, “Defect Mode Lasing with Lowered Threshold in a Three-Layered Hetero Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Structure,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2006, pp. 193-197. doi:10.1002/adma.200501438
[54] Y. Matsuhisa, R. Ozaki, M. Ozaki and K. Yoshino, “Single-Mode Lasing in One-Dimensional Periodic Structure Containing Helical Structure and Defect,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, No. 20, 2005, pp. L629-L632. doi:10.1143/JJAP.44.L629
[55] R. Ozaki, T. Matsui M. Ozaki and K. Yoshino, “Electrically Color-Tunable Defect Mode Lasing in One-Dimensional Photonic-Band-Gap System Containing Liquid Crystal,” Applied Physics Letters, 2003, Vol. 82, No. 21, pp. 3593-3595. doi:10.1063/1.1577829
[56] Y. Takanishi, N. Tomoe, N. Y. Ha, T. Toyooka, S. Nishimura, K. Ishikawa and H. Takezoe, “Defect-Mode Lasing from a Three-Layered Helical Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Structure,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 46, 2007, pp. 3510-3513. doi:10.1143/JJAP.46.3510
[57] G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, M. P. de Santo, H. Sellame and M. A. Matranga, “SingleMode Lasing in Multilayer Sandwiched Systems Consisting of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals and Dye Solution XV International Symposium on Advanced Display Technologies,” Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 6637, 2007, pp. 66370M-1-66370M-6.
[58] G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, M. P. de Santo, H. Sellame and M. A. Matranga, “Lasing in Three Layer Systems Consisting of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals and Dye Solution,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2008, Vol. 495, pp. 97-105. doi:10.1080/15421400802430521
[59] G. Petriashvili, M. A. Matranga, M. P. de Santo, G. Chilaya and R. Barberi, “Wide Band Gap Materials as a New Tuning Strategy for Dye Doped Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Laser,” Optics Express, Vol. 17, 2009, pp. 4553-4558. doi:10.1364/OE.17.004553
[60] M. A. Matranga, M. P. de Santo, G. Petriashvili, A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya and R. Barberi, “Frequency Tunable Lasing in a Three Layer Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Cell,” Ferroelectrics, Vol. 395, 2010, pp. 1-11. doi:10.1117/12.742910
[61] G. Petriashvili, G. Chilaya, M. A. Matranga, M. P. de Santo, G. Cozza, R. Barberi, J. del Barrio, L. S. Chinelatto, L. Oriol and M. Pinol, “Chiral Luminescent Compounds as a Perspective for Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Lasers,” Optical Materials, Vol. 31, No. 11, 2009, pp. 1693-1696. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2009.04.010
[62] J. Adams, W. Haas and J. Wysocki, “Dependence of Pitch on Composition in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1969, pp. 92-94. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.92
[63] R. Barberi and G. Chilaya, “Strategies for Tunable Cholesteric Lasers,” In: L. M. Blinov and R. Bartolino, Eds., Liquid Crystal Microlasers, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 2010, pp. 199-222.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.