Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (GbE) on Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) in PC12 Cells

Chunli Mei, Xuelu Han, Jing Zhang, Ling Gao, Huimin Liu

Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China.
Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China.

DOI: 10.4236/eng.2013.510B030                

Abstract

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is a global health problem. According to the World Health Organization, ischemic stroke is actually the most common cause of death in the world. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is a traditional Chinese medicine for angina pectoris. Ginkgo biloba plays a role in expanding blood vessels, increasing coronary and cerebral blood flow, preventing platelet aggregation, inhibiting thrombosis, and improving the microcirculation. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of GbE in a model of hypoxic-ischemic brain disease. We used NGF(100 ng/ml for 6 days)and OGD(5% CO2and 95% N2, 1 mmol/l NaS2O4insugar-free DMEM for 16 h) to stimulate PC12 cells and convert them into neurons in order to establish an ischemia model. The results showed that PC12 cells transformed into cells that looked like neurons and that MAP2 was up-regulated in NGF-treated PC12 cells. Cell apoptosis was found to be up-regulated after NGF stimulation and OGD. The apoptosis rate after 16 hours of OGD was 19.44%. GbE (50ng/ml) reduces apoptosis rate to 11.35%. These results may help to show that NGF treatment can be combined with OGD to establish anin vitromodel of acute ischemic brain damage. In the present study, we find that GbE effectively increases the survival rate of PC12 cells and relieves OGD damage. These results suggest that GbE has the neuroprotective effects of ischemic brain damage.

Keywords

NGF; OGD; PC12 Cells; Ginkgo Biloba; Neuroprotective Effects

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	K. Drieu, “Preparation and Definition of Ginkgo Biloba Extract,” Presse Medicale, Vol. 15, 1986, pp. 1455-1457.
[2]	L. Marcocci and J. J. Maguire, “The Nitric Oxide-Scavenging Properties of Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb 761,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 201, 1994, pp. 748-755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1764
[3]	H. Oberpichler and T. Beck, “Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Constituents Related to Protection against Brain Damage Caused by Hypoxia Pharmacol,” Research Communications, Vol. 20, 1988, pp. 349-368.
[4]	M. E. Szabo and M. T. Droy-Lefaix, “Direct Measurement of Free Radicals in Ischemic/Reperfused Diabetic Rat Retina,” Clinical Neuroscience, Vol. 4, 1997, pp. 24-245.
[5]	C. L. Mei and J. T. He, “Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Combined with Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Induces Neural Ischemia Tolerance in PC12 Cells,” AJBR, Vol. 5, No. 10, 2011, pp. 315-320.