Groundwater Annual Dynamics in the Basins of Woro and Chago (Eastern Niger) as Affected by Seasonal Variability and Anthropic Activities

Adamou Mahaman Moustapha, Nazoumou Yahaya, Aw Sadat, Awaiss Yahaya, Ambouta Karimou

Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger.
Institut National Polytechnique HB, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.59094                

Abstract

The Sahelian region is known to have extremes climatic constraints since the end of the seventies. The studied zone is characterized by an extreme spatial and temporal variability of the environmental factors, complicating the understanding of the mechanisms governing the functioning of the hydrological system in the basin. The evapotranspiration was very high (1975 mm/an), whereas the local annual rainfall was around 300 mm/year. The piezometric data showed a rise of the groundwater level during the rainy season and a decrease in the dry season. The water balance obtained using the Penman-Monteith method showed the predominance of the evapotranspiration (75% to 80% of the rainfall) on the drainage (20% to 25% of the precipitations).

Keywords

Basin; Groundwater; Drought; Evapotranspiration; Variation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Institut National de la Statistique, “Résultats Provisoires du Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat,” RGP/H, 2013, 2 p.
[2]	PROJET PIC, “Envahissement des Cuvettes par Apports Eoliens dans l’Arrondissement de Gouré: Analyse des Processus, Etude d’Impacts, Moyens de Lutte et Remédiation,” Rapport, 2002, 83 p.
[3]	M. Waziri, “Les Cultures de Contre Saison dans le Sud-Est de la Région de Zinder,” Thèse de Doctorat, de 3ème Cycle; 2000, 212 p.
[4]	P. Ozer and M. Erpicum, “Méthodologie Pour une Meilleure Représentation Spatio-Temporelle des Fluctuations Pluviométriques Observées au Niger Depuis 1905,” Revue Sécheresse, No. 6, 1995, pp. 103-108.
[5]	P. Ozer, “Contribution à l'Etude de la Désertification en Région Sahélienne. Le cas du Niger. Problèmes Posés par les Précipitations et les Lithométéores,” Mémoire de Licence en Sciences Géographiques, Université de Liège Faculté des Sciences Liège Belgique, 1993, 177 p.
[6]	A. D. Tidjani, “Impact de l’Occupation du sol par l’Ensablement des Cuvettes par Apports Eoliens dans le Damagaram Est (Sud-Est du Niger),” Mémoire de DEA, Université Catholique de Louvain, 2005, 85 p.
[7]	M. Gavaud, R. Maignien, P. Goffre and E. Duverger, “Etude Pédologique des Plaines de Foulasso et Lelasso,” ORSTOM, Dakar, 1960, 62 p.
[8]	G. Bocquier and M. Gavaud, “Etude Pédologique du Niger Oriental,” Edition ORSTOM, 1964, 73 p.
[9]	M. Boutari, “Etude Socio-Economique des Cuvettes de Gouré. Mémoire d’Ingénieur des Techniques Agricoles,” Université Abdou Moumouni, 2004, 56 p.
[10]	FAO, “Crop Evapotranspiration—Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirement,” Bulletin de la FAO “Irrigation and Drainage” No. 56, 1994, 123 p.
[11]	G. Favreau, et al., “Groundwater Recharge Increase Inducted by Land—Use Change: Comparaison and Isotopic Estimates in Semiarid Niger,” 2001, 47 p.
[12]	C. Leduc, J. Bromley and P. Schroeter, “Water Table Fluctuation and Recharge in Semi-Arid Climate: Some Results of the Hapex-Sahel Hydrodynamic Survey (Niger),” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 188-189, 1997.
[13]	S. Massuel, “Modélisation Hydrologique de la Nappe Phréatique Quaternaire du Bassin du Lac Tchad,” DEA en Sciences de l’Eau dans l’Environnement Continental, Université de Montpellier II, 2001, 87 p.
[14]	C. N. Enuvie, P. C. Lare and T. C. Egeonu, “Anomalous Delay in the Response of Groundwater Level to Seasonal Rainfall Variations, in Parts of Imo State, Nigeria, A Preliminary Study,” Journal of Mining Geology, Vol. 27, 2005, pp. 6-10.
[15]	A. C. Ekwe, N. N. Onu and K. M. Onuoha, “Estimation of Aquifer Characteristics from Electrical Sounding Data, the Case of Middle Imo River Basin Aquifers S.E. Nigeria,” 2000, pp. 28-32.
[16]	K. M. Ibe, G. I. Nwankwor and S. O. Onyekuru, “Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Its Impact to the Development of Protection Strategies for Water Supply Aquifer in Owerri S.E. Nigeria,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 67, No. 3, 2001, pp. 323-360.
[17]	A. A. Onunkwo, A. P. Uzoije, B. I. B. Igbokwe and I. L. Okoroji, “Unerground Water and Pollution Vulnerability Assessment of Lower Imo Sedimentary Basin of South Eastern Nigeria: A Case Study of Nwangele Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria,” Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2012, pp. 105-114.