High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Alterations Alter the Differentiation Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

Vikie Lamontagne, Souhad El Akoum, Isabelle Cloutier, Jean-François Tanguay

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Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.

DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2013.33027                

Abstract

Background: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) possess the ability to differentiate into adipocytes or endothelial cells to help in the adipogenesis, vasculogenesis and vascular repair. This study aims at determining the impact of high-fat diets (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the differentiation potential of ASC. Results: C57BL/6J male mice were fed a vegetal (VD) or an animal (AD) HFD. Isolation of ACS from mice showing different levels of metabolic alterations reveals that advanced T2D did not affect the number of cells per gram of tissue. Rather, a higher proportion of inflammatory CD36⁺ cells was identified in HFD fed mice. Despite a marked decreased expression of adipogenic genes (aP2, C/EBPα and PPARγ2), ASC from HFD groups had a higher adipogenic potential and a lower endothelial differentiation potential in vitro compared to control. ASC from the VD group had enhanced cyclin B1 expression and had more adipogenic potential compared to AD group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the metabolic modifications, linked to the nature of fatty acids in diets, modulate the differentiation potential of ASC with increased adipogenesis to the detriment of the endothelial pathway. Results highlight the importance of evaluating the ASC differentiation behavior in a context of autologous cell-based therapy for the repair of vascular tissues in diabetic patients.

Keywords

Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells; Type 2 Diabetes; Adipocytes; Endothelial Cells; Differentiation; Vascular Cellular Therapy

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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