The Evaluation of Vancomycin Microspheres on Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and the Effect of Bacteria on Eukaryotic Cell Wall Permeability

Henry Nettey, Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington, Martin J. D’Souza

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.44055                

Abstract

Sepsis is a host’s response to an intravascular infection; however, in most patients the disease recurs after a seemingly effective treatment. The reappearance of bacteria in the systemic circulation has been attributed to their ability to enter and hide within host endothelial cells. This study shows that internalized S. aureus is released into circulation by a possible mechanism of exocytosis through actin polymerization. Bacterial cell wall components (permeation enhancers) were significantly more effective in altering endothelial cell monolayer integrity than controls. Vancomycin has been determined to be effective in the treatment of S. aureus infections; however, the microencapsulated formulation of vancomycin was significantly more effective in reducing plasma and intra-tissue S. aureus than the conventional solution formulation. Microencapsulation of vancomycin, using albumin as a matrix, did not alter the bioactivity of the drug.

Keywords

Microencapsulation; Endothelial Cells; Permeation Enhancers; Albumin

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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