[1]
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Roberts, J. (1992) Dictionary of Hamilton biography vol. III, W.L. Griffen Printers Ltd., Hamilton, 176.
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[2]
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Rutherford, P.A. (1982) Victorian authority: The daily press in late nineteenth-century Canada, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
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[3]
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Rankin, J. (2006-2007) For disease reporting in the Anglo-America press at the turn of the twentieth century see, The Reporting of Mosquito-Vector Disease in Anglo- American Daily Press, Media History Monograph, 9, 1.
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[4]
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MacDougall, H. (2006) Toronto’s health department in action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 62, 62.
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[5]
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(1918) Influenza is reported in West Hamilton. The Spectator, 28 September, 18.
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[6]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 5 October.
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[7]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 5 October.
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[8]
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Pettigrew, E. (1983) The silent enemy: Canada and the deadly flu of 1918. Prairie Books, Saskatoon, 13.
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[9]
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Lux, M. (1997) The bitter flats: The 1918 influenza epidemic in Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan History, 49, 4.
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[10]
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Bliss, M. (1991) Plague: A story of smallpox in Montreal. HarperCollins, Toronto.
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[11]
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(1914) Ontario Board of Health Act, Section 56.
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[12]
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Lux, M. (1997) The bitter flats: The 1918 influenza epidemic in Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan History, 49, 4.
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[13]
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(1918) Four deaths from “flu” reported Here. The Herald, 5 October.
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[14]
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McCullough, J.W.S. (1918) Four deaths from “flu” reported here. In: McCullough, J.W.S., Ed., The Control of Influenza in Ontario. Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, 1084- 1085.
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[15]
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(1918) Nine more deaths from Spanish “flu”. The Herald, 7 October.
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[16]
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(1918) Nine more deaths from Spanish “flu.” The Herald, 7 October.
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[17]
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Rankin, J. (2003) Public health quarantine in the American and British daily press, 1850-1905. Unpublished Manuscript, 10-13.
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[18]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 7 October.
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[19]
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(1918) Week’s toll of influenza five hundred cases. The Spectator, 12 October, 1.
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[20]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 16 October.
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[21]
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(1918) Rigid shut-down is demanded by board. The Spectator, 16 October, 1.
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[22]
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(1918) Will close all public places next Monday. The Herald, 16 October.
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[23]
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(1918) Will close all public places next Monday. The Herald, 16 October.
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[24]
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(1918) Rigid shut-down is demanded by board. The Spectator, 16 October, 1.
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[25]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 16 October.
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[26]
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(1918) Health board will stand by closing order. The Spectator, 16 October, 1.
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[27]
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Jones, E.W. (2003) Searching for the springs of health: Women and working families in Winnipeg’s 1918-1919 influenza epidemic. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
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[28]
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(1918) Victory loan mass meeting is prohibited. The Spectator, 25 October, 1.
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[29]
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The victory loan officials attended all board of health meetings from 24 October until the 29 October when the matter of a parade was conclusively settled. Board of Health Minutes for Hamilton 1918, 24 October, 28 October, and 29 October.
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[30]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 24 October.
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[31]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 24 October.
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[32]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 24 October.
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[33]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 5.
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[34]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 5.
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[35]
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(1918) 100 Volunteer nurses soon ready to help. The Herald, 16 October.
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[36]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 5.
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[37]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 6.
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[38]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 9-10.
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[39]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 10.
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[40]
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(1918) Epidemic passing. The Spectator, 1 November, 1.
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[41]
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(1918) Epidemic passing. The Spectator, 1 November, 1.
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[42]
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(1918) Board of Health Minutes, 4 November.
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[43]
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(1918) Annual Health Report, 31 October, 9-10.
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[44]
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(1918) Warning from doctors about the epidemic. The Herald, 13 November and (1918) “flu” epidemic is still serious. The Spectator, 13 November, 15.
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[45]
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(1918) Ban on public gathering is again urged. The Spectator, 14 November, 1.
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[46]
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(1918) Ban not placed on gatherings. The Spectator, 15 November, 31.
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[47]
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(1918) Ban not placed on gatherings. The Spectator, 15 November, 31.
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[48]
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(1918) “Flu” spreading. The Herald, 18 November.
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[49]
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(1918) Doctors declare war on Hamilton’s board of health. The Herald, 23 November.
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[50]
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(1918) Doctors demand an apology or resignation of Dr. Roberts. The Times, 23 November.
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[51]
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(1918) Health board not worrying about medicos. The Spectator, 23 November, 31.
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[52]
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(1920) Annual Health Report, 47.
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[53]
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(1918) A warning. The Herald, 27 November.
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[54]
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(1918) Closing order goes into effect tonight. The Times, 29 November.
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[55]
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(1918) Closing order goes into effect tonight. The Times, 29 November.
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[56]
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(1918) Board of health ties up Hamilton during season approaching to Christmas. The Spectator, 29 November, 1.
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[57]
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(1918) Board of health ties up Hamilton during season approaching to Christmas. The Spectator, 29 November, 1.
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[58]
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(1918) Merchants say order defeats its purpose. The Herald, 30 November.
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[59]
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(1918) Four o’clock hour proves a menace instead of a help. The Times, 29 November.
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[60]
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(1918) Mere mulishness. The Herald, 9 December.
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[61]
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(1918) Knutty points. The Spectator, 4 December 1918, 12.
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[62]
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(1918) Catholic priest was fined in court this morning. The Spectator, 4 December, 1.
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[63]
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(1918) Will prosecute a priest for holding service. The Herald, 4 December 1918.
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[64]
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(1918) Churches closed by bishop’s order. The Herald, 7 December 1918.
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[65]
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(1918) Order does not stop meetings at city hall. The Herald, 7 December 1918.
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[66]
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(1918) Rigid shut-down is demanded by board. The Spectator, 16 October, 1.
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[67]
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(1918) As to the ban. The Spectator, 7 December, 1.
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[68]
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(1918) Closing order to be modified. The Herald, 7 December.
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[69]
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(1918) Fewer Deaths and Fewer Cases of Influenza. The Herald, 16 December.
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[70]
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(1918) The ban lifted. The Herald, 16 December.
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[71]
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(1918) The ban lifted. The Herald, 16 December.
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[72]
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(1918) Board silent about high-handed action. The Spectator, 17 December, 1.
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[73]
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(1918) Ban on churches and theatres ill advised. The Herald, 20 December.
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[74]
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(1918) More Flu. 14 February and (1919) flu deaths. The Herald, 4 April.
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[75]
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(1920) Annual Health Report, 1 November, 47.
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[76]
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(1919) The Canadian annual review of public affairs. The Canadian Annual Review, 574.
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[77]
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(1920) The Canadian annual review of public affairs. The Canadian Annual Review.
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[78]
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Duffy, J. (1993) From humors to medical science, 2nd Edition, University of Illinois Press, Champaign, 5.
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[79]
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MacDougall, H. (2006) Toronto’s health department in action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 62, 63.
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[80]
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Herring, D.A. and Korol, E. (1918) The north-south divide: Social inequality and mortality from the 1918 influenza pandemic in Hamilton, Ontario. In: Fahrni, M. and Jones, E.W. Eds., Epidemic Encounters: Influenza, Society, and Culture in Canada, UBC Press, Vancouver, 102-103.
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[81]
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Herring, D.A. and Korol, E. (1918) The north-south divide: Social inequality and mortality from the 1918 influenza pandemic in Hamilton, Ontario. In: Fahrni, M. and Jones, E.W. Eds., Epidemic Encounters: Influenza, Society, and Culture in Canada, UBC Press, Vancouver, 98.
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[82]
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(1918) Death rate in Hamilton under average. The Herald, 9 December, 4.
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[83]
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McGinnis, J.D. (1981) The impact of epidemic influenza: Canada 1918-1919. In: Shortt, S.E.D. Ed., Medicine in Canadian Society, McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal, 471-472.
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[84]
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Jones, E.W. (2003) For more information on volunteerism and social relationship. Searching for the springs of health: Women and working families in Winnipeg’s 1918- 1919 influenza epidemic. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 3.
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[85]
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Kolata, G. (1999) Flu: The story of the great influenza pandemic of 1918 and the search for the virus that caused it. Simon and Schuster, New York, 7.
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[86]
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Crosby, A.W. (1990) America’s forgotten pandemic. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
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[87]
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Roberts, J. (1992) Dictionary of Hamilton biography. W. L. Griffen Printers Ltd., Hamilton, 176.
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