Diminishing demandingness of parents; children with recurrent infections

Abstract

Background and Method: Parenting and parenting styles are in favor of authoritative parents compared with non-authoritative parents. These parents display higher levels of both responsiveness and demandingness. We studied the aspect of demandingness using a questionnaire aimed at children aged between 1 and 4 years. 82 Children with recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) and 399 control children were included. Results: Parents of RRI children regulated the quantitative dietary intake of their child less; likewise they gave less stimulation to their children to eat. They also taught their children less on what they can or cannot touch and they argued more with their children (all p < 0.05). However, when it comes to simple rules like watching television or not, the parents of RRI children were very clear. There were however no differences in rules about television watching, computer time or bedtimes. Conclusions: Our study shows that parents of children with RRI are less demanding in complex pedagogic situations that ask for creativity from the parents. However, they are demanding with respect to simple rules. We found no child factors that could explain why children give their parents a hard time. We hypothesize that the parents of RRI children could be less capable of handling complex pedagogic situations (even more complicated by the infections) instead of being unwilling.

Share and Cite:

Gaag, E. and Münow, M. (2012) Diminishing demandingness of parents; children with recurrent infections. Health, 4, 483-489. doi: 10.4236/health.2012.48077.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Slatter, M.A. and Gennery A.R. (2008) Clinical immunology review series: An approach to the patient with recurrent infections in childhood. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 152, 389-396. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03641.x
[2] Gruber, C., et al. (2008) History of respiratory infections in the first 12 yr among children from a birth cohort. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 19, 505-512. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03641.x
[3] van der Gaag, E.J. and van Droffelaar, N. (2012) Upper respiratory tract infections in children: A normal stage or high parental concern? Open Journal of Pediatrics, in press.
[4] Steinberg, L. (2001) We know some things: Adolescent-parent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 1-20. doi:10.1111/1532-7795.00001
[5] Coplan, R.J., et al. (2002) Authoritative and authoritarian mothers’ parental goals, attributions and emotions across different childrearing contexts. Parenting: Science and Practice, 2, 1-26. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0201_1
[6] Maccoby, E.E. and Martin, J.A. (1983) Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In: Hetherington, E.M., Ed., Handbook of Child Psychology: (Vol. 4.) Socialization, Personality, and Social Development, 4th Edition, Routledge, New York, 1-101.
[7] Steinberg, L., et al. (1989) Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents. Child Development, 60, 1424-1436. doi:10.2307/1130932
[8] Radziszewska, B., et al. (1996) Parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms, smoking, and academic achievement: Ethnic, gender, and SES differences. Jour0 nal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 289-305.
[9] Shah, R. and Waller, G. (2000) Parental style and vulnerability to depression: The role of core beliefs. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 19-25. doi:10.1097/00005053-200001000-00004
[10] Rothrauff, T.C., et al. (2009) Remembered parenting styles and adjustment in middle and late adulthood. The Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Science, 64, 137-146. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbn008
[11] Hoerr, S.L., et al. (2009) Associations among parental feeding styles and children’s food intake in families with limited incomes. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Act, 6, 55. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-55
[12] Rhee, K.E., et al. (2006) Parenting styles and overweight status in first grade. Pediatrics, 117, 2047-2054. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2259
[13] Chen, J.L. and Kennedy, C. (2007) Factors associated with obesity in Chinese-American children. Pediatric Nursing, 31, 110-115.
[14] Wake, M., et al. (2007) Preschooler obesity and parenting styles of mothers and fathers: Australian national population study. Pediatrics, 120, e1520-e1527.
[15] McClure, A.C., et al. (2010) Characteristics associated with low self-esteem among US adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics, 10, 238-244. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2010.03.007
[16] Baumrind, D. (1996) The discipline controversy revisited. Family Relations, 45, 405-414. doi:10.2307/585170
[17] Baumrind, D. (1971) Current patterns of parental authority. 4th Edition, American Psychological Association, Washington DC.
[18] Barber, B.K. and Olsen, J.A. (1997) Socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in the family, school, and neighborhood, and with peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 287-315. doi:10.1177/0743554897122008

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.