Three-Photon Absorption in Zno Film Using Ultra Short Pulse Laser

Raied K. Jamal, Mohammed T. Hussein, Abdulla M. Suhail

Department of physics, College of science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2012.38112                

Abstract

The three-photon absorption (3PA) in nanostructure wide-band gap ZnO semiconductor material is observed under high intensity femtosecond Titanium-Sapphire laser of 800 nm wavelength excitation. The ZnO film was prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique with substrate temperature of 400℃. The optical properties concerning the absorp-tion, transmission, reflection, Raman and the photoluminescence spectra are studied for the prepared film. The structure of the ZnO film was tested with the X-Ray diffraction and it was found to be a polycrystalline with recognized peaks oriented in (002), and (102). The measured of three photon absorption coefficient was found to be about 0.0166 cm³/Gwatt², which is about five times higher than the bulk value. The fully computerized z-scan system was used to measure the nonlinear coefficients from the Gaussian fit of the transmitted laser incident.

Keywords

Multiphoton Processes; ZnO Nanocrystalline; Nonlinear Optics

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Y. W. Zhu, et al., “Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Beaded with ZnO nanoparticles for Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Switching,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2006, pp. 587-592. Hdoi:10.1002/adma.200501918
[2]	K. Ramanathan, J. Keane and R. Noufi, “Properties of High-Efficiency CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells,” NREL/CP, Vol. 520, 2005, Article ID 37404.
[3]	C. L. Rhodes, S. Lappi, D. Fischer, S. Sambasivan, J. Genzer and S. Franzen, “Characterization of Monolayer Formation on Aluminum-Doped ZincOxide Thin Films,” American Chemical Society, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2008, pp. 433-440.
[4]	H. Li, et al., “Microstructural Study of MBE-Grown ZnO Film on GaN/Sapphire (0001) Substrate,” Central European Journal of Physics, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2008, pp. 638-642. doi:10.2478/s11534-008-0032-2
[5]	T. Sato, et al., “Production of Transition Metal-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles by Using RF Plasma Field,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 275, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 983-987. Hdoi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.152
[6]	S. Singh and M. S. R. Rao, “Structure and Physical Pro- perties of Undoped ZnO and Vanadium Doped ZnO Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition,” Journal Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, No. 5, 2007, pp. 2575-2577.
[7]	ü. ?zgür, et al., “A Comprehensive Review of ZnO Materials and Devices,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 98, No. 4, 2005, Article ID 041301. Hdoi:10.1063/1.1992666
[8]	J.-H. Lin, et al., “Two-Photon Resonance Assisted Huge Nonlinear Refraction and Absorption in ZnO Thin Films Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, No. 3, 2005, Article ID 033526. doi:10.1063/1.1848192
[9]	S. J. Bentley, et al., “Three-Photon Absorption for Nano- second Excitation in Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots,” Optical Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 12, 2007, Article ID 128003. Hdoi:10.1117/1.2823156
[10]	E. W. Van Stryiand, M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said and D. J. Hagan, “Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Absorp- tion and Refraction,” Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, Vol. 27, No. 3-4, 1993, pp. 279-311. Hdoi:10.1016/0960-8974(93)90026-Z
[11]	J. He, W. Ji and J. Mi, “Three-Photon Absorption in Wa- ter-Soluble ZnS Nanocrystal,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, No. 18, 2006, Article ID 181114. doi:10.1063/1.2198823
[12]	B. Gu, et al., “Three-Photon Absorption Saturation in ZnO and ZnS Crystals,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 103, No. 7, 2008, Article ID 073105.doi:10.1063/1.2903576
[13]	S. Pearl, et al., “Three Photon Absorption in Silicon for 2300 - 3300 nm,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, No. 13, 2008, Article ID 131102. Hdoi:10.1063/1.2991446
[14]	A. Penzkofer and W. Falkenstein, “Three Photon Absorp- tion and Subsequent Excited-State Absorption in CdS,” Optics Communications, Vol. 16, 1976, pp. 247-250.
[15]	M. G. Vivas, T. Shih, T. Voss, E. Mazur and C. R. Mendonca, “Nonlinear Spectra of ZnO: Reverse Saturable, Two- and Three-Photon Absorption,” Optics Express, Vol. 18, No. 9, 2010, pp. 9628-9633. Hdoi:10.1364/OE.18.009628
[16]	A M. Suhail, H. J. Kbashi and R. K. Jamal, “Three-Pho- ton Absorption in Nanostructure Wide-Band Gap Semiconductor ZnO Using Femtosecond Laser,” Modern Applied Science, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2011, pp. 199-210. Hdoi:10.5539/mas.v5n6p199
[17]	M. R. Islam and J. Podde, “Optical Properties of ZnO Nanofiber Thin Film Grown by Spray Pyrolysis of Zinc Acetate Precursor,” Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 44, No. 3, 2009, pp. 286-292. Hdoi:10.1002/crat.200800326
[18]	A. L. Patterson, “The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Parti- cle Size Determination,” Physical Reviews, Vol. 56, No. 10, 1939, pp. 978-982. Hdoi:10.1103/PhysRev.56.978
[19]	K. Yim and C. Lee, “Optical Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Two Different Sputtering Me- thods,” Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 41, No. 12, 2006, pp. 1198-1202. Hdoi:10.1002/crat.200610749
[20]	C. X. Xu, et al., “Growth and Spectral Analysis of ZnO Nanotubes,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 103, No. 9, 2006, Article ID 094303. Hdoi:10.1063/1.2908189
[21]	D. D. Wang, J. H. Yang, L. L. Yang, Y. J. Zhang, J. H. Lang and M. Gao, “Morphology and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Nanostructures Fabricated with Dif- ferent Given Time of Ar,” Crystal Research and Tech- nology, Vol. 43, No. 10, 2008, pp. 1041-1045. doi:10.1002/crat.200800109
[22]	K. Alim, V. A. Fonoberov, M. Shamsa and A. A. Balandin, “Micro-Raman Investigation of Optical Phonons in ZnO Quantum Dots,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, No. 12, 2005, Article ID 124313. Hdoi:10.1063/1.1944222
[23]	N. Ashkenov, B. N. Mbenkum, C. Bundesmann, V. Riede, M. Lorenz, D. Spenmann and E. M. Kaidashev, “Infrared Dielectric Functions and Phonon Modes of High-Quality ZnO Film,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, No. 1, 2003, pp. 126-133. Hdoi:10.1063/1.1526935H
[24]	H. Richer, Z. P. Wany, “The One Phone Raman Spectrum in Microcrystalline Silicon,” Solid State Communications, Vol. 39, No. 5, 1981, pp. 625-629. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(81)90337-9
[25]	I. H. Chambell and P. M. Fanchet, “Three Effects of Microcrystal Size and Shape on the One Phonon Raman Spectra of Crystalline Semiconductors,” Solid State Communications, Vol. 58, 1986, p. 739.
[26]	J. He, et al., “Three-Photon Absorption in ZnO and ZnS Crystals,” Optics Express, Vol. 13, 2005, pp. 9235-9247.
[27]	R. L. Sutherland, D. G. McLean and S. Kirkpatrick, “Handbook of Nonlinear Optics,” 2ond Edition, Reserved and Expanded, New York, 2003.