Gold Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Determination of Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride

Kang Li, Xiaohua Zhu, Yong Liang

School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China..
School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;.

DOI: 10.4236/pp.2012.33036                

Abstract

A novel voltammetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) composite was developed. The nanocomposite modified electrode was characterized using atoms force microscope (AFM). The electrochemical behavior of meclofenoxate hydrochloride (MFX) was investigated on this sensor. The results indicated that the GNPs/SWNTs modified electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic oxidation for MFX with relatively high sensitivity, and stability. Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the GNPs/SWNTs modified electrode exhibited a linear voltammetric response for MFX in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10^–7 – 2.0 × 10^–5mol·L^–1, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 × 10^–7 mol·L^–1. The sensor was applied to determine MFX in finished drug with a satisfactory result.

Keywords

Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride; SWNTs; Gold Nanoparticles; Square Wave Voltammetry

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	J. L. Gedye, A. N. Exton-Smith and J. Wedgwoo, “A Method for Measuring Mental Performance in the Elderly and Its Use in a Pilot Clinical Trial of Meclofenoxate in Organic Dementia (Preliminary Communication),” Age and Ageing, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1972, pp. 74-80. doi:10.1093/ageing/1.2.74
[2]	H. A. Zuhair, A. A. Fattah and M. I. Sayed, “The Effect of Meclofenoxate with Ginkgo Biloba Extract or Zinc on Lipid Peroxide, Some Free Radical Scavengers and the Cardiovascular System of Aged Rats,” Pharmacological Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 65-72. doi:10.1006/phrs.1998.0333
[3]	J. J. Zou, H. J. Ji, D. W. Wu, J. Yao, Q. Hu, D. W. Xiao and G. J. Wang, “Bioe-quivalence and Pharmacokinetic Comparison of A Single 200-mg Dose of Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride Capsule and Tablet Formulations in Healthy Chinese Adult Male Volunteers: A Randomized Sequence, Open-label, Two-Period Crossover Study,” Clinical Therapeutics, Vol. 30, 2008, p. 1651. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.09.013
[4]	B. Ni, J. R. Zhang, J. J. Zou, W. Zhao and J. H. Li, “A Simple and Sensitive HPLC Method For Quantification of the Meta-bolin of Meclofenoxate In Human Plasma,” Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol. 48, 2010, p. 353.
[5]	I. Shoukrallah, A. Sakla and B. Paletta, “Quantitative Determination of Some Pharmaceuticals in Bulk Drugs and Tablets by Proton Magnetic Resonance (PMR) Spectroscopy,” IF Farmaco, Vol. 45, 1990, p. 55.
[6]	X. L. Hu, D. P. Xu, S. P. Liu, Z. F. Liu, C. X. Li and P. L. Chen, “Determination of Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Method Coupled with Flow Injection Technique,” Analytical Letters, Vol. 43, No. 13, 2010, pp. 2125-2133. doi:10.1080/00032711003698820
[7]	D. L. Giokas, A. G. Vlessidis, G. Z. Tsogas, N. P. Evmiridis, “Nanoparticle-Assisted Chemiluminescence and Its Applications in Analytical Chemistry,” TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 29, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1113-1126. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2010.07.001
[8]	J. Wang, “Carbon-Nanotube Based Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review,” Electroanalysis, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2005, pp. 7-14. doi:10.1002/elan.200403113
[9]	M. Tominaga, T. Shimazoe, M. Nagashima and I. Tani- guchi, “Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose at Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon Electrodes in Alkaline and Neutral Solutions,” Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2005, pp. 189-193. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2004.12.006
[10]	M. C. Daniel and D. Astruc, “Gold Nanoparticles:? Assembly, Supramolecular Chemistry, Quantum-Size-Related Properties, and Applications toward Biology, Catalysis, and Nanotechnology,” Chemical Review, Vol. 104, No. 1, 2004, pp. 293-346. doi:10.1021/cr030698+
[11]	X. D. Cao, Y. K. Ye and S. Q. Liu, “Gold Nanoparticle- Based Signal Amplification for Biosensing,” Analytical Biochemistry, Vol. 417, No. 1, 2011, pp. 1-16. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2011.05.027
[12]	U. Yogeswaran, S. Thiagarajan and S. M. Chen, “Nanocomposite of Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Nafion, Nano Platinum, and Nano Gold Biosensing Film for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Epinephrine, and Uric Acid,” Analytical Biochemistry, Vol. 365, No. 1, 2007, pp. 122-131. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2007.02.034
[13]	J. C. Abbar, S. J. Malode and S. T. Nandibewoor, “Electrochemical Determination of a Hemorheologic Drug, Pentoxifylline at a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode,” Bioelectrochemistry, Vol. 83, 2012, pp. 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.06.008
[14]	X. X. Chen, K. Eckhard, M. Zhou, M. Bron and W. Schuhmann, “Electrocatalytic Activity of Spots of Electrodeposited Noble-Metal Catalysts on Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 81, No. 18, 2009, pp. 7597-7603. doi:10.1021/ac900937k
[15]	F. Valentini, G. Palleschi and E. L. Morales, “Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Microsensors for the Selective Response of Epinephrine in Presence of Ascorbic Acid,” Electroanalysis, Vol. 19, No. 7-8, 2007, pp. 859-869. doi:10.1002/elan.200603788
[16]	R. Joseph and K. G. Kumar, “Electrochemical Sensing of Acyclovir at a Gold Electrode Modified with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole-[5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinato] Copper(II),” Analytical Sciences, Vol. 27, 2011, p. 67. doi:10.2116/analsci.27.67
[17]	M. Y. Xi, Y. Y. Duan, X, Li, L. N. Qu, W. Sun and K. Jiao, “Carbon Electrode Modified with Ionic Liquid and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Voltammetric Sensing of Adenine,” Microchimica Acta, Vol. 170, No. 1-2, 2010, pp. 53-58. doi:10.1007/s00604-010-0371-8
[18]	T. Luckza, “Preparation and Characterization of the Dopamine Film Electrochemically Deposited on a Gold Template and Its Applications for Dopamine Sensing in Aqueous Solution,” Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 53, No. 19, 2008, pp. 5725-5731. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.052