Facial Skin Rejuvenation with High Frequency Ultrasound: Multicentre Study of Dual-Frequency Ultrasound

Dirk Meyer-Rogge, Frank Rösken, Peter Holzschuh, Bruno D’hont, Ilja Kruglikov

Derma-Clinic, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Die ?stheten, Munich, Germany.
Optima Clinic, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Skinline Clinic, Sint- Pieters-Leeuw, Belgium.
Wellcomet GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany.

DOI: 10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22016                

Abstract

According to modern theories, the process of skin ageing may be connected with local up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and down-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSP) in the skin. In this pragmatic, non-randomised, multicentre study we investigated the skin rejuvenation effect of dual-frequency ultrasound, with frequencies of 3 and 10 MHz, which has the ability to modulate both MMPs and HSPs. It was shown that such waves can significantly improve different visual appearances of ageing skin. This safe, non-invasive method yields results that are not as marked as those shown by injecting of fillers, but can be successfully used by subjects with a broad spectrum of visual skin ageing problems, which have to be treated simultaneously.

Keywords

Skin Rejuvenation; Dual-Frequency Ultrasound; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Heat Shock Proteins

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	P. K. Mays, J. E. Bishop and G. J. Laurent, “Age-Related Changes in the Proportion of Types I and III Collagen,” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1988, pp. 203-212. doi:10.1016/0047-6374(88)90002-4
[2]	C. Kut, W. Hornebeck, N. Groult, G. Redziniack, G. Godeau and B. Pellat, “Influence of Successive and Combined Ultraviolet A and B Irradiations on Matrix Metalloproteinases Produced by Human Dermal Fibroblasts IN Culture,” Cell Biology International, Vol. 21, No. 6, 1997, pp. 347-352. doi:10.1006/cbir.1997.0150
[3]	S. R. Sandeman, R. G. A. Faragher, M. C. A. Allen, C. Liu and A. W. Lloyd, “Does MMP-2 Expression and Secretion Change with Increasing Serial Passage of Keratinocytes in Culture?” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Vol. 122, No. 2, 2001, pp. 157-167. doi:10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00227-X
[4]	G. J. Fisher, S. Kang, J. Varani, Z. Bata-Csorgo, Y. Wan, S. Datta and J. J. Voorhees, “Mechanisms of Photoaging and Chronological Skin Aging,” Archives of Dermatology, Vol. 138, No. 11, 2002, pp. 1462-1470. doi:10.1001/archderm.138.11.1462
[5]	M. Brennan, H. Bhatti, K. C. Nerusu, N. Bhagavathula, S. Kang, G. J. Fisher, J. Varani and J. J. Vorhees, “Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Is the Major Collagenolytic Enzyme Responsible for Collagen Damage in UV-Irradiated Human Skin,” Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vol. 78, No. 1, 2003, pp. 43-48. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0043:MMITMC>2.0.CO;2
[6]	J. Fonager, R. Beedholm, B. F. C. Clark and S. I. S. Rattan, “Mild Stress-Induced Stimulation of Heat Shock Protein Synthesis and Improved Functional Ability of Human Fibroblasts Undergoing Aging in Vitro,” Experimental Gerontology, Vol. 37, No. 10-11, 2002, pp. 1223-1238.
[7]	S. I. S. Rattan, “Hormetic Modulation of Aging and Longevity by Mild Heat Stress,” Dose-Response, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2005, pp. 533-546. doi:10.2203/dose-response.003.04.008
[8]	S. K. Calderwood, A. Murshid and T. Prince, “The Shock of Aging: Molecular Chaperons and the Heat Shock Response in Longevity and Ageing—A Mini Review,” Gerontology, Vol. 55, No. 5, 2009, pp. 550-558. doi:10.1159/000225957
[9]	A. E. Mayes and C. D. Holyoak, “Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production,” Rejuvenation Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2008, pp. 461-465.
[10]	S. D. Dams, M. de Liefde-van Beest, A. M. Nuijs, C. W. J. Oomens and F. P. T. Baaijens, “Heat Shocks Enhances Procollagen Type I and III Expression in Fibroblasts in ex Vivo Human Skin,” Skin Research and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 167-180. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00473.x
[11]	W. Sontag and I. Kruglikov, “Expression of Heat Shock Proteins after Ultrasound Exposure in HL-60 Cells,” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2009, pp. 1032-1041. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.12.011
[12]	I. Kruglikov and W. Sontag, “Ultrasound of 10 MHz Frequency as a Novel Strategy for Skin Anti-Aging Therapy,” Medical Hypotheses, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2010, pp. 620-621. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.048
[13]	I. Kruglikov and E. Kruglikova, “Dual Treatment Strategy by Venous Ulcers: Pilot Study to Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Application,” Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2011, pp. 157-163. doi:10.4236/jcdsa.2011.14024
[14]	D. S. Downing and A. Weinstein, “Ultrasound Therapy of Subacromial Bursitis: A Double Blind Trial,” Physical Therapy, Vol. 66, No. 2, 1986, pp. 194-199.
[15]	J. Eng, “Sample Size Estimation: How Many Individuals Should Be Studied?” Radiology, Vol. 227, No. 2, 2003, pp. 309-313. doi:10.1148/radiol.2272012051
[16]	R. S. Narins, S. H. Dayan, F. S. Brandt and E. K. Baldwin, “Persistence and Improvement of Nasolabial Fold Correction with Nonanimal-Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid 100,000 Gel Particles/mL Filler on Two Retreatment Schedules: Results up to 18 Months on Two Retreatment Schedules,” Dermatology Surgery, Vol. 34, Suppl. 1, 2008, pp. 2-8. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34236.x
[17]	D. Day, C. Littler, R. Swift and S. Gottlieb, “The Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale: A Validation Study,” American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2004, pp. 49-52. doi:10.2165/00128071-200405010-00007
[18]	A. Di Pietro, D. M. Colombo and N. Giordan, “Facial Wrinkles Correlation and Skin Rejuvenation (Biostimulation) by Auto-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid,” Journal of Plastic Dermatology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2007, pp. 5-13.
[19]	R. Kafi, H. S. R. Kwak, W. E. Schumacher, S. Cho, V. N. Hanft, T. A. Hamilton, A. L. King, J. D. Neal, J. Varani, G. J. Fischer, J. J. Voorhees and S. Kang, “Improvement of Naturally Aged Skin with Vitamin A (Retinol),” Archives of Dermatology, Vol. 143, No. 5, 2007, pp. 606-612. doi:10.1001/archderm.143.5.606