Composition Dependence of Structure and Magnetic Properties in Manganese Doped Nanocrystalline ZnO Particles Prepared by Co-Precipitation

Nadia Febiana Djaja, Rosari Saleh

Departemen Fisika, FMIPA-Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Departemen Fisika, FMIPA-Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia..

DOI: 10.4236/msa.2012.34036                

Abstract

Mn-doped nanocrystalline ZnO particles have been successfully synthesized at low temperature (80?C) by the coprecipitation method using zinc sulfatehepta hydrate and NaOH. The structural and magnetic properties have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive x-ray, vibrating sample magnetometer and electron spin resonance. XRD measurements revealed that the sample posses hexagonal wurzite structure. From the Rietveld refined XRD spectra, the lattice parameters, average crystallite size and microstrain values was obtained. In this range of doping concentrations all samples show an expansion of the lattice parameters relative to the bulk samples. From magnetic measurements we observed the presence of room temperature ferromagnetic order in our Mn-doped ZnO samples.

Keywords

Mn Doped ZnO Nanoparticles; Structural and Magnetic Properties

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R. Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. Osorio, B. Johansson and G. A. Gehring, “Ferromagnetism above Room Temperature in Bulk and Transparent Thin Films of Mn-Doped ZnO,” Nature Mat- ter, Vol. 2, 2003, pp. 673-677.
[2]	D. C. Kundaliya, S. B. Ogale, S. E. Lofland, S. Dhar, C. J. Metting, S. R. Shinde, Z. Ma, B. Varughese, K. V. Ra- manujachari, L. Salamanca-Riba and T. Venkatesan, “On the Origin of High-Temperature Ferromagnetism in the Low-Temperature-Processed Mn-Zn-O System,” Nature Matter, Vol. 3, 2004, pp. 709-714. doi:10.1038/nmat1221
[3]	J. H. Li, D. Z. Shen, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, B. S. Li, Y. M. Lu, Y. C. Liu and X. W. Fan, “Magnetism Origin of Mn-Doped Zn Onanoclusters,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 302, No. 1, 2006, pp. 118-121. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.08.025
[4]	S. Banerjee, K. Rajendran, N. Gayathri, M. Sardar. S. Senthilkumar and V. Sengodan, “Change the Room Tem- perature Magnetic Property of ZnO upon Mn Doping,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 104, No. 4, 2008, Article ID 043913. doi:10.1063/1.2969945
[5]	S. Thota, T. Dutta and J. Kumar, “On the Sol-Gel Syn- thesis and Thermal, Structural, and Magnetic Studies of Transition Metal (Ni, Co, Mn) Containing ZnO Powders,” Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 18, No. 8, 2006, pp. 2473-2486.
[6]	J. H. Park, M. G. Kim, H. M. Jang, S. Ryu and Y. M. Kim, “Co-Metal Clustering as the Origin of Ferromagnetism in Co- Doped ZnO Thin Films,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1338-1340. doi:10.1063/1.1650915
[7]	G. Lawes, A. S. Risbud, A. P. Ramirez and R. Seshadri, “Absence of Ferromagnetism in Co and Mn Substituted Polycrystalline ZnO,” Physical Review B, Vol. 71, No. 4, 2005, Article ID 045201. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.71.045201
[8]	C. N. R. Rao and F. L. Deepak, “Absence of Ferromag- netism in Mn- and Co-Doped ZnO,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2005, pp. 573-578. doi:10.1039/b412993h
[9]	A. Tiwari, C. Jin, A. Kvit, D. Kumar, J. F. Muth and J. Narayan, “Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Diluted Magnetic Semiconducting Zn1–XMnXO Films,” Solid State Communications, Vol. 121, No. 6, 2002, pp. 371-374. doi:10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00464-1
[10]	T. Fukumura, Z. W. Jin, M. Kawasaki, T. Shono, T. Ha- segawa, S. Koshihara and H. Koinuma, “Magnetic Pro- perties of Mn-Doped ZnO,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, No. 7, 2001, pp. 958-960. doi:10.1063/1.1348323
[11]	G. K. Williamson and W. H. Hall, “X-Ray Line Broadening from Filled Aluminium and Wolfram,” Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1953, pp. 22-31. doi:10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6
[12]	G. J. Huang, J. B. Wang, X. L. Zhong, G. C. Zhou and H. L. Yan, “Ferromagnetism of Mn-Doped ZnO Nanoparti- cles Prepared by Sol-Gel Process at Room Temperature,” Optoelectronics Letter, Vol. 2, No. 6, 2006, pp. 6-9.
[13]	Z. H. Wang, D. Y. Geng and Z. D. Zhang, “Room-Tem- perature Ferromagnetism and Optical Properties of Zn1–XMnXO Nanoparticles,” Solid State Communications, Vol. 149, No. 17-18, 2009, pp. 682-684. doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2009.02.016
[14]	C. J. Cong, J. H. Hong, Q. Y. Liu, L. Liao and K. L. Zhang, “Synthesis, Structure and Ferromagnetic Proper- ties of Ni-doped ZnO Nanoparticles,” Solid State Com- munications, Vol. 138, No. 10-11, 2006, pp. 511-515. doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2006.04.020
[15]	R. Elilarassi and G. Chandrasekaran, “Structural, Optical and Magnetic Charazterization of Cu-Doped ZnO Nanopar- ticles Synthesized Using Solid State Reaction Method,” Journal of Matter Science: Matter Electron, Vol. 21, 2010, pp. 1168-1173. doi:10.1007/s10854-009-0041-y
[16]	P. K. Sharma, R. K. Dutta, A. C. Pandey, S. Layek and H. C. Verma, “Effect of Iron Doping Concentration on Mag- netic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles,” Journal of Magnetismand Magnetic Materials, Vol. 321, No. 17, 2009, pp. 2587-2591. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.03.043
[17]	A. M. Abdel Hakeem, “Room-Temperature Ferromag- netism in Zn1–XMnXO,” Journal of Magnetism and Mag- netic Materials, Vol. 322, No. 6, 2010, pp. 709-714. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.10.046
[18]	O. D. Jayakumar, H. G. Salunke, R. M. Kadam, M. Mo- hapatra, G. Yaswant and S. K. Kulshreshtha, “Magnetism in Mn-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by a Co-Pre- cipitation Method,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2006, pp. 1278-1285. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/5/020
[19]	A. Chartier, P. D. Arco and R. Dovesi, “Ab Initio Hartree-Fock Investigation of the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Mn3O4,” Physics Review B, Vol. 60, No. 20, 1999, pp. 14042-14048. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.60.14042
[20]	T. Dietl, “Ferromagnetic Semiconductors,” Semiconduc- tor Science and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2002, pp. 377-392. doi:10.1088/0268-1242/17/4/310
[21]	J. K. Furdyna and J. Kossut, “Dilute Magnetic Semi- conductors,” In: R. K. Williarson and A. C. Beer Eds., Semiconductor and Semimetals, Academic Press, New York, 1988.
[22]	J. Kossut and W. Dobrowolski, “Handbook of Magnetic Materials,” K. H. J. Buschow, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, Vol. 7, p. 231.
[23]	R. M. Kadam, M. K. Bhide, M. D. Sastry, J. V. Yakhmi and O. Kahn, “EPR Studies on (NBu4)2Co2[Cu(opba)]3.S, Where Opba = Ortho-Phnylenesis (Oxamato) and S = Solvent: Unusual Case of Long-Range Magnetic Order in Weakly Interacting Systems,” Chemistry Physics Letters, Vol. 357, 2002, pp. 457-463. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00542-0
[24]	D. Karmakar, S. K. Mandal, R. M. Kadam, P. L. Paulose, A. K. Rajarajan, T. K. Nath, A. K. Das, I. Dasgupta and G. P. Das, “Ferromagnetism in Fe-Doped ZnO Nanocrystals: Experiment and Theory,” Physical Review B, Vol. 75, No. 14, 2007, Article ID 144404. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.144404
[25]	J. Reddy, M. K. Kokila, H. Nagabhushana, J. L. Rao, B. M. Nagabhushana, C. Shivakumara and R. P. S Chakrad- har, “EPR and Photoluminescence Studies of ZnO:Mn Nanophosphors Prepared by Solution Combustion Route,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Vol. 79, No. 3, 2011, pp. 476-480. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.014
[26]	B. B. Straumal, B. Baraetzky, A. Mazilkin, S. Protasova, A. Myatiev and P. Straumal, “Increase of Mn Solubility with Descreasing Grain Size in ZnO,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 29, No. 10, 2009, pp. 1963-1970. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.01.005
[27]	R. V. Sagar and S. Buddhudu, “Synthesis and Magnetic Behaviour of Mn:ZnO Nanocrystalline Powders,” Spec- trochimica Acta Part A, Vol. 75, No. 4, 2010, pp. 1218- 1222.
[28]	J. M. Coey, M. Venkatesan and C. B. Fitzgerald, “Donor Impurity Band Exchange in Dilute Ferromagnetic Oxides,” Nature Matter, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2005, pp. 173-179. doi:10.1038/nmat1310
[29]	L. B. Duan, G. H. Rao, J. Yu, Y. C. Wang, W. G. Chu and L. N. Zhang, “Structural and Magnetic Properties of Zn1–XMnXO (0 ≤ X ≤ 0.40) Nanoparticles,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 102, No. 10, 2007, Article ID 103907.
[30]	M. El-Hilo and A. A. Dakhel, “Structural and Magnetic Properties of Mn-doped ZnO Powders,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 323, No. 16, 2011, pp. 2202-2205. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.03.031