Casework Intervention Research on Spiritual Comfort of Semi-Disabled Elderly ()
1. Introduction
In this chapter, it mainly discusses from the following four aspects: research background, research significance, thesis research ideas and research methods.
1.1. Research Background
As my country gradually steps into an aging society, the issue of elderly care for the semi-disabled elderly has become a hot topic in the current society, and it is urgent to speed up the construction of a social elderly care service system focusing on the care of semi-disabled elderly. Due to the difficulty of caring for the semi-disabled elderly and prone to accidents, in order to avoid risks, many elderly care institutions are reluctant to accept the semi-disabled elderly or accept it but lack medical care and psychological and emotional counseling, resulting in a series of mental and emotional problems, and are not conducive to the further development of pension institutions. About how to improve its shortcomings while exerting its advantages, then social work undertakes this important task.
We selected 200 elderly people over the age of 60 as a sample, and made the following statistics on the current status of the elderly and their physical and mental needs, Please see Table 1 (The following data comes from the author’s questionnaire survey).
As of now, the capacity of social administrations to give profound solace to the semi-debilitated older is as yet lacking, and the endeavors of many gatherings working closely together are expected to meet the otherworldly necessities of the old. The instance of this paper chooses the semi-debilitated older as the examination object, conducts inside and out visits and examinations on the exploration objects, dissects the everyday environments and requirements of the semi-impaired old, investigates the purposes behind their present circumstance, and gives commonsense and great old consideration administrations for the old locally.
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Table 1. Statistical table of the current situation of the elderly over 60 years old.
1.2. Significance
This paper for the most part concentrates on the profound solace of the semi-handicapped older, which has specific hypothetical and viable importance.
Hypothetical importance: By breaking down the particular explanations behind the profound solace of the semi-debilitated older, the creator dissects and forms an endlessly normalized possibility report and exploration plan that can address the issues of the semi-handicapped old for life care and nursing administrations. Simultaneously, the creator applies the work theory and expert abilities of social work to the help to work on the profound necessities of the older, and concocts a strategy that is predictable with the requirements of the old as per neighborhood conditions, to more readily take care of the issues of the old, and to take care of comparative issues from here on out. Questions give examples to reference and advance the limited improvement of social work.
Practical significance:
Through the interventional research looking into it based social work of the profound solace of the semi-debilitated old, the creator’s administration can assist the clients with figuring out how to take viable techniques to get otherworldly solace, figure out how to actually control their feelings, and face different tensions with a more uplifting perspective. Social work is a calling that assists individuals with aiding themselves. By utilizing the pertinent assistance ideas and techniques for the social work calling, it can assist the old with expanding social association, further develop their social support capacity and public activity capacity, and afterward advance the solid effort and composed improvement of society (Wu, 2016). Also, in view of expert information and directed by friendly work values, social specialists utilize social work ideas and techniques to assist the old with working on their mindfulness and assemble social encouraging groups of people.
1.3. Research Technique
1) Information Assortment
Literature method: The literature analysis method is mainly through the Internet, social work professional editing, relevant excellent master’s and doctoral theses and other resources. Find out about the otherworldly solace of the semi-impaired older, find out about the regulations, guidelines and approaches of the old through news, and have a top to bottom comprehension of the innovative work process in the field of old consideration at home and abroad, and record key hypotheses, techniques and perspectives exhaustively.
2) Practical Intervention
Case interview strategy: List the interview outline, clarify the purpose of the interview, and master the interview skills. The interviewees of the case are semi-incapacitated older individuals in day care focuses, record their actual wellbeing, day to day existence and mental state, and so on, and break down the fundamental challenges looked by the old in different angles (Gu, 2011).
2. Important Strategies and Cases at Home and Abroad
This part will include significant strategies and cases at home and abroad, and offer further remarks on applicable techniques and cases.
2.1. Overseas Related Methods and Cases
Western scholars have likewise done a great deal of examination on the most proficient method to get otherworldly solace for the semi-handicapped older, and a significant number of them are important and deserving of our review and reference:
The German government promulgated a system of “time banks”. “Time Bank” is a utilization of the advanced age administration idea of government administration, social change, and inhabitant independence. The help content incorporates home visits, life care, otherworldly solace, and so forth. Each item is marked with a corresponding “price”, and its value is exactly “time currency”. Volunteers can provide care services for the elderly in the community free of charge in their spare time, that is, the government records the time they are serving others through the “time bank” system, so that others who can enjoy the same time in their old age can take care of their own. Serve. The whole society has formed a kind of benign interaction, which has quite good reference significance in our country.
The United States has a few encounters that we can endlessly gain from. The United States vigorously develops institutional pensions, and the community pensions in the United States are very advanced in the world. They provide rehabilitation training for semi-disabled and elderly people who suffer from severe chronic diseases for many years. Along these lines, China can gain from the general population and private joint annuity model of the United States, and vivaciously foster a blended benefits framework in with local area annuity as the main job and different types of annuity improvement (Xiang, 2005).
Japan has generally been at the front of the world in focusing on the necessities of profound solace for the older, and their activity mode has been very exceptional. The Japanese government has proposed the “Golden Plan”, which is a community environment that integrates elderly care services and medical services for the elderly. Japan isn’t an extravagance business nursing home, however has laid out some limited scale local area nursing homes. There are for the most part many beds, and the administrations gave are adaptable and adaptable, particularly as far as when the older get comfortable. They can give a full scope of care for the older, including restoration treatment, local area care, emergency clinic escort, home cleaning, wheelchairs and other assistive administrations. The people group based annuity model in Japan is entirely reasonable for the semi-impaired old since they can give customized, versatile and adaptable older consideration administrations.
2.2. Domestic Related Methods and Cases
2.2.1. Analysis of the Reasons for the Lack of Spiritual Comfort in the Elderly
Xie Fang brought up that the local area benefits model in the United States underlines the main job of the public authority, or at least, private foundations plan annuity administration plans, while the public authority puts resources into buying administration plans. Assessment and management, all things considered (Liu, 2019). The American annuity model stresses the significance of otherworldly help and works fair and square of profound solace based on material security. Interestingly, homegrown endeavors in such manner are generally inadequate.
Liu Jinglin called attention to that three government assistance frameworks ought to be laid out: government and market-drove, local area drove and family-drove. The improvement of the benefits business in Chile is essentially towards the marketization of annuities, and market rivalry plays had a positive impact in the raising of public annuities somewhat (Ge, 2016). Ma Xiaoqing put forward “the separated family pension model. At the same time, he suggested that the children meet the standard of spiritual comfort for the coming year, that is, the elderly live separately from their children but the children provide daily care for the elderly”. He also emphasized that this is a very ideal form of retirement for children who live close to the elderly (Ma, 2012).
2.2.2. Research on the Current Situation of Spiritual Comfort for the Semi-Disabled Elderly
Through field visits and examinations, we observed that the current all around created institutional benefits model in China is a day care focus that depends on the local area and serves the older locally. The help content of the day care focus remembers many undertakings for ten classes, for example, home visits, life care, and otherworldly solace, and trades project insight with different organizations with significant experience, and lays out crisis docking with relatives of the old and specialists Through people group advancement, occasion collaboration, proficient assistance arrangement, and so on, it plans to work on the essential residing issues and actual wellbeing of the older in Tuonei and encompassing networks with the idea of being local area based, request situated, and exhaustive assistance.
In any case, how to meet the profound requirements of the old in the old consideration organizations and work on their degree of otherworldly solace is a significant issue that the current society should focus on about the older. Institutional benefits have limits all things considered, and they miss the mark on capacity to further develop their profound solace level.
2.2.3. Social Work Intervenes in the Spiritual Comfort of the Elderly
All through the previously mentioned homegrown and unfamiliar strategies and instances of examination on older consideration for semi-debilitated old, most researchers center around how to lay out an old consideration model and the positive meaning of the foundation of different old consideration models to the actual old, society and the country., the different issues in the activity of the advanced age care model and what measures to use to tackle the issues, however the connected writing on profound solace is very little, and there is no finished arrangement of mature arrangements that can meet the otherworldly requirements. Subsequently, the creator takes the social work proficient hypothesis as the philosophical establishment and the case social work as the exploration technique to investigate what is going on, and takes a semi-debilitated older individual locally in Shanghai as the examination object to lead an instance of semi-impaired old profound solace. Interventional examination will give hypothetical premise to the pertinent staff who will be occupied with benefits practice work and annuity model exploration later on.
2.3. Concept Definition
Semi-disabled elderly: Elderly people who have lost the ability to take care of themselves to a certain extent.
Spiritual Solace: Consolation means to comfort, soothe. Spiritual comfort usually means to support and encourage in the spirit. Mainly reflected in people’s spiritual world, feelings, ideas and other abstract thinking.
Casework: Casework implies that social specialists utilize their own proficient information as the premise, follow the expert idea of social work helping other people and self improvement, maintain the expert upsides of social work, and use abilities, for example, organized meetings to speak with the client eye to eye, pay attention to the client’s inward world, and assess the client. As indicated by the genuine necessities, plan administration intends to address hardships and investigate the client’s capacity.
2.4. Theoretical Basis
Rational Emotional Therapy: Simply put, the rational emotion therapy model is to help the client replace irrational emotions with rational emotions, change the passive and unreasonable way of thinking of the client, so as to minimize the harm caused by the irrational emotions to the client. Core Theory: Ellis’ “A-B-C Theory”. The specific process of “A-B-C theory” intervention is as follows (Figure 1).
Ellis believes that (A-event) is not the cause of the result (C-consequence), and what really causes this result is people’s irrational beliefs, so in order to eliminate people’s negative thinking and negative emotions, it is necessary to (D-refute intervention) Interfere with wrong perceptions and concepts in people’s minds. Through repeated efforts until the intervention produces actual results, people eliminate irrational beliefs, bad emotions and pessimistic negative attitudes, and people will regain inner peace, emotional comfort, and happiness. This is the basic idea of “A-B-C theory”, and it is also its detailed thought process of intervening in irrational beliefs.
In this article, the fundamental object is to join judicious passionate treatment and conduct changes to intercede in the client, to help the old view handicap and semi-incapacity in a positive and levelheaded disposition, and to look up to the current inability and semi-incapacity. current circumstance, change their nonsensical perception and pessimistic perspectives, assist them with building another relational encouraging group of people, and urge them to effectively take part in relational correspondence and different exercises of aggregate associations, so the client can understand the worth of his reality and consume his time on earth An excellent advanced age.
Hierarchy of Needs: The popular American analyst Maslow proposed the ordered progression of requirements hypothesis. Since the semi-debilitated old have poor state of being and low friendly cooperation, they have a generally appeal for life care and clinical consideration. A few older individuals are in unfortunate temperament, bringing about a progression of mental issues in organizations. Accordingly, the otherworldly requirements of semi-incapacitated old individuals are more conspicuous. The following uses Maslow’s theory of needs to illustrate this point of view (Figure 2).
Humanistic Theory: The popular American analyst Maslow proposed the ordered progression of requirements hypothesis. Since the semi-debilitated old have poor state of being and low friendly cooperation, they have a generally appeal for life care and clinical consideration. A few older individuals are in
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Figure 1. Rational emotional intervention diagram.
unfortunate temperament, bringing about a progression of mental issues in organizations. Accordingly, the otherworldly requirements of semi-incapacitated old individuals are more conspicuous.
3. Design and Implementation of Casework Plan for Spiritual Consolation of Semi-Disabled Elderly
The casework procedure is an essential step in carrying out casework. When carrying out casework intervention services in this chapter, the theory of casework social work is the procedures of receiving cases, estimating, making plans, developing services, evaluating and closing cases. We design and implement the casework plan for the spiritual comfort of the disabled elderly in accordance with the implementation process of casework social work. Casework procedures are the basic steps to carry out casework. When carrying out casework intervention services in this chapter, it generally goes through the procedures of receiving cases, estimating, making plans, developing services, evaluating and closing cases.
Case background:
Mr. Mo, 68 years old, retired former senior leader of Bank of China Shanghai Sub-branch. He is in poor health and suffers from hereditary hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage sequelae, weakness in his hands and feet, a wheelchair for walking, language impairment, memory impairment, and occasional dizziness. Dizziness, forgetfulness, inability to walk, etc.; irritable mood, occasional violent tendencies; suffering from deafness, living on hearing aids; wife is often hospitalized for physical reasons, and the old couple cannot take care of each other. Their parent-child relationship has deteriorated, and the parent-child relationship has been severed. The client has experienced many situations during the last 10 months in the day care center, and his son has never come to visit. After retiring, the client was helpless and lonely, and his illness always plagued him.
3.1. Take Cases and Build Relationships
The so-called case reception refers to the communication between the social worker and the client at the first meeting, including the communication between the social worker and the client regarding the role of the social worker and the needs of the client, including how the social worker communicates with the client. Work knowledge and skills (Spannian, 2009).
3.2. Estimated Client Needs
Need for family support and companionship: The father-son relationship has deteriorated, the client has experienced numerous conditions during the last 10 months in the day care center, and his son has never visited. The client yearns for family affection and care, depression, anxiety, loneliness, irritability, and pessimism and world-weariness.
Interpersonal needs: The client is eager for the understanding, care and support of others, and hopes to communicate with others, actively participate in recreational activities in the community, exercise, enrich life, and relax.
The need for self-emotion regulation: The client’s mentality is unable to conduct positive counseling for a long time, resulting in the client’s negative emotions, irritability, irritability and vulnerability.
Medical rehabilitation care needs: The client is in poor physical condition, suffers from hereditary hypertension, sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage, weakness of hands and feet, relies on a wheelchair to walk, language impairment, and memory impairment. Rehabilitation training is required.
3.3. Service Goals and Plans
Service main target: We provide spiritual comfort services for the semi-disabled elderly, eliminate their irrational emotions and rebuild rational emotions; improve self-awareness; help the elderly to achieve self-reliance and spiritual life satisfaction; Personal and mental danger.
Service sub-target: In the first place, work on the client’s disposition and lay out an uplifting outlook. We help the semi-handicapped old to impart to one another in correspondence, get learning and backing, to work on the personal satisfaction of the older in their later years. We work on the inflexible connection between the semi-impaired old and their children, and offer enthusiastic help to the semi-crippled old according to numerous points of view. From one perspective, we reinforce the enthusiastic correspondence between the client and their kids; then again, we fortify the correspondence between the client and the friend bunch, and accomplish mental transformation through the upgrade of relational connections (Song, 2018).
Service plan: The implementation of the service plan is the most important part of social work, and it is also the ultimate goal of social work. The previous series of preparations are all to put the plan into practice and help the client solve the problem. We use a series of services to improve the client’s spiritual comfort level, improve the client’s satisfaction with their spiritual needs, and let the client spend a happy old age as the sheet shows the interventional services schedule (Table 2).
3.4. Interventional Implementation of Service Plan
The implementation of the service plan is the most important part of social work, and it is also the ultimate goal of social work. The previous series of preparations are all to put the plan into practice and help the client solve the problem.
The first stage: The client’s emotional intervention to establish a positive attitude
Service focus: This service is based on the rational emotion therapy model. The main goal of rational emotion therapy is to cultivate a more practical life concept and reduce the client’s irrational behavior (negative goal) caused by irrational emotions. Fight your own irrational emotions.
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Table 2. Interventional services schedule.
Author: Uncle Mo, how do you feel about your current state?
Uncle Mo: Now I can’t do anything, I’m in a wheelchair... hopeless (the client is in poor physical condition, suffers from hereditary high blood pressure, sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage, and has a language barrier and speaks slowly).
Author: Uncle Mo, it is the key that you do your rehabilitation plan and build up your confidence, you will soon be able to walk freely again.
Uncle Mo: I hope so.
The social specialist involves the essential standards of the ABC hypothesis as the hypothetical premise to comfort the client, focuses on staying away from dark and elusive expert jargon, and obviously brings up that the client’s conviction is absurd. We urge clients to attempt to finish a few troublesome day to day exercises without help from anyone else and give convenient recognition and consolation (Li, 2019).
With the help of the staff, the social worker carried the old man downstairs. The client was no longer alone, but took the initiative to chat with others, with a smile on his face. Social workers help clients expand their social network and gradually eliminate clients’ irrational beliefs about people around them.
How the client felt about the people around the day care center after several interventions were completed.
Uncle Mo: “The nurses here are very good, and the friends are very good to me. I am in a better mood now.”
Arranged evaluation: In this phase of intercession work, through rehashed interviews, the client understands the numerous unreasonable feelings that exist in him. The client understands that these unreasonable feelings have truly hurt him and should dispose of them. In this stage, the psychological condition of the older is clearly obviously superior to previously, the nature of rest is better, and the circulatory strain will in general be steady. With the assistance of social specialists, the client discovered a feeling of presence, and his life became rich and intriguing. Second stage: Improve father-son relationship and promote family harmony Service focus: use the tea party activity to invite the client’s son to the scene. The family breaks the rigid situation in the conversation activities and feels the affection and family warmth. Staged evaluation: The client has eliminated the estrangement in his heart, let go of ideological pressure, and received comfort in his heart. This interview promotes the harmony of their family relationship; during the interview, the social worker follows the principle of acceptance, accepts the client, respects and appreciates the individual and differences in groups.
The third phase: Improve self-awareness Rebuild social support network
Administration center: With the consolation of the rest of the world, the client’s self-preservation instrument has step by step debilitated, and he no longer structures a condition of protection against the rest of the world constantly (Fei, 2012). As a matter of fact, this is a sign of the client’s absence of safety. In this way, the client can accurately get himself. In spite of the fact that he experiences different genuine sicknesses, he can give a grin to individuals around him. Simply by laying out a positive and hopeful mentality towards life would he be able to be content consistently.
At this stage, the steady job of the companion bunch is additionally evolved. This time, we coordinated a gathering action and welcomed the client’s family, associates, family members and lifelong companions to construct the client’s social encouraging group of people. He comprehends that he isn’t the only one, there is a social encouraging group of people made out of such countless family members, companions, old accomplices, and so forth who help him, support him, and energize him.
Organized appraisal: The client at this stage has become happy, hopeful, garrulous, and has expanded trust throughout everyday life. Humanism is loaded with uplifting outlooks to human instinct. People are autonomous from creatures. It underlines the humanistic soul of totally having confidence in oneself and vanquishing oneself. The positive conviction of human instinct is established in the entire course of helping other people. Presently the client has acquired self-assurance and laid out an organization of common assistance and backing.
3.5. Case Assessment
The intervention of this case has basically achieved the predetermined goal, and the physical condition of the client has been significantly improved. The current situation of the client is compared with that before the intervention. The following aspects are summarized:
To start with, improve the client’s self-awareness ID and lay out an uplifting perspective. Contrasted and the pre-intercession period, 90% of the older can walk autonomously, talk obviously, talk effectively, and have a specific recuperation of past memory, particularly the recuperation of their own abilities, for example, the capacity to perceive words and English (Gao, 2018).
Second, the dad child relationship has improved, and the family relationship has been amicable and stable. I can likewise smoothly acknowledge what is going on that I am as of now semi-debilitated and should be dealt with by others. The connection between the client and his child was accommodated, and the client got daily reassurance from the family.
Third, the social encouraging group of people of the client has been fortified. After the intercession of the case, the client and the child have laid out a steady and close connection; in the companion bunch, the older have laid out amicable kinships with their old accomplices in the organization, and they are lively and merry. Friendly will converse with individuals; the creator has connected social assets for the client and tracked down volunteers, and one volunteer has shaped a “coordinated specific point help” object with the client (Zhang, 2016).
Fourth, clinical recovery: through the exhaustive and composed utilization of different measures, the physical, mental and social brokenness of the client has been killed or lightened partially, and the agreement with the physical, tactile, scholarly, otherworldly and social capacities has been accomplished.
There are as yet numerous lacks in the execution of this arrangement. One is to make satisfactory arrangements while completing casework, and the other is to completely get what is happening of the client. For instance, the client has inherited hypertension and cerebral dead tissue (Ouyang, 2013). It is important to decrease the ideal opportunity for talking and don’t aimlessly urge him to communicate. It can likewise cause related infections in the older. Accordingly, adequate time is left in the beginning phase to gather information and guarantee the precision of the information, which establishes a decent starting point for the later intercession.
4. Research Results
In this chapter, the author summarizes and reflects on the intervention cases.
4.1. Concept Innovation
Formal and casual assets are incorporated and correlative. The assets of conventional social benefits primarily depend on government venture or the public authority buys administration projects from the private area, giving various strategy assets including reserves, clinical consideration, equipment offices, etc. (Zhu, 2013). Put together casual assets, for example, devotees to supplement formal assets to shape asset coordination, diminish the weight on the public authority, and further develop the government assistance level of the beneficiaries.
4.2. Community Resource Integration
This case completely coordinates local area assets, through local area advancement, action participation, proficient help arrangement, and so forth, with the idea of “in light of the local area, request situated, entire individual assistance”, and offers types of assistance through the foundation of the road day care place for the old. Work on the essential living issues and actual soundness of the old in Tone and encompassing networks. Social laborers assist the older with accomplishing confidence and otherworldly life fulfillment, and simultaneously advance the further improvement of the social work calling, and accomplish a mutually advantageous arrangement for administration objects, pilot units and social work associations; “Linkage to understand the expert advancement of networks, social specialists and social associations.
4.3. Give Full Play to the Role of Social Workers
This article takes a semi-incapacitated older individual from the xx day care focus in Yangpu District, Shanghai as the case. To begin with, through different meetings, they research the issues existing in the psychological condition of the old. Then, the social laborer embedded in the discourse with the old Empathy, explanation, advantage point of view hypothesis, shut finished addressing and different abilities, utilizing casework mediation techniques, utilizing normal enthusiastic treatment, order of requirements hypothesis, humanistic hypothesis and other expert social work speculations to take care of the emotional wellness issues of the old, improve and Efficiency of Communication in the Elderly (Zhang & Wei, 2015).
5. Reflection
5.1. Summary of the Methods of Spiritual Comfort for the Semi-Disabled Elderly
The type of case conclusion is the way that the social specialist plays out the last help and illuminates the client that the intercession objective has been fundamentally accomplished after the case assessment is finished, and the case administration is going to end. The social laborer additionally kept on conciliating the client’s feelings and allowed him to comprehend that ending the case doesn’t imply that he won’t offer types of assistance for him later on, and that he will never again have contact with her. The social specialist will in any case mind and help the client if important (Zhang & Qu, 2011). Our case-based social work has likewise effectively advanced the social support of the encompassing older, extraordinarily expanded social consideration and interest, improved the otherworldly and social existence of the old, and advanced the agreeable advancement of the local area.
5.2. Reflection
To begin with, social laborers face the moral situation of different personalities and worth lack of bias. The subject of assessment work isn’t just the evaluator of the undertaking, yet additionally the implementer of the venture. While confronting the determination of the assessment object, it is important to think about the elements that influence the dependability and legitimacy of the assessment, like fulfillment assessment, possibility assessment, and so on. To begin with, feasibility appraisal. Whether the assessment plot is plausible and whether the assessment object is sensible is connected with whether the assessment impact accomplishes the normal objective. Second, survey unwavering quality (Wang, 2015). The venture implementer conducts self-assessment on the assessment administration, so the undertaking implementer and the task assessment are a similar party. The greatest impediment of the assessment is that it is challenging for the evaluator to keep up with esteem lack of bias during the assessment interaction, consequently decreasing the dependability of the assessment results. The genuine circumstance might go astray from the outcomes.
Second, the promotion of social strategy. According to the viewpoint of carrying out regulations and guidelines, social laborers should zero in on pushing the improvement of significant public arrangements, upholding the public authority to ceaselessly reinforce the development and improvement of the government managed retirement framework, and further develop the government assistance level of the older, to meet the prerequisites of monetary life and mental solace for the semi-crippled old (Xu & Dong, 2012). Second, advocate the utilization of monetary and government strategies to reinforce support for older consideration establishments, increment endeavors to buy administrations for the old living alone, increment appropriations for the old, persistently further develop the government assistance level of the old, and tackle the financial issues of the old living alone (Eskildsen & Price, 2009). Third, advocate the public authority to further develop the annuity related framework, particularly in the unique tasks of federal retirement aide reserves, clinical costs and clinical framework, to all the more likely safeguard the profound life and material existence of the semi-incapacitated older.