Author(s)

Sayema Khanum^1,2,3, Hemayet Hossain⁴, Md. Hossain Sohrab^2*, S. M. Abdur Rahman^1,5*

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
²Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁴Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁵Biomedical Research Center, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain (family: Fabaceae), a mangrove species with traditional medicinal use, was evaluated for its phytochemical composition and the in vivo anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of its stem bark fractions in Swiss albino mice. Acute toxicity was studied at doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) and animals were observed for 14 days. Anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing (chemically induced pain), formalin-induced paw licking (neurogenic and inflammatory pain), tail immersion, and hot plate methods (thermally induced pain). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema models. Results showed that mice exhibited no mortality or noticeable behavioral alterations at doses up to 2000 mg/kg b.wt. during the 14 days observation period. In comparison to control, all fractions at 200 mg/kg b.wt. showed significant (p < 0.001) anti-nociceptive activity. The n-hexane fraction produced the highest inhibition (50.86%) in the acetic acid test. In the formalin test, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited maximum inhibition (59.69% in the early phase and 48.00% in the late phase). In the tail immersion and hot plate methods, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions produced significant (p < 0.001) increases in reaction time compared with standard drugs. In the anti-inflammatory assays, the ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum inhibition of paw edema in both carrageenan (47.37%) and formalin (51.30%) models. The results suggest that stem bark fractions of D. candenatensis possess significant (p < 0.001) anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, possibly mediated by both central and peripheral mechanisms.

Dalbergia candenatensis, Phytochemical Composition, Indomethacin, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Swiss Albino Mice

Khanum, S. , Hossain, H. , Sohrab, M. and Rahman, S. (2025) Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Stem Bark Fractions of Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain: Insights from Experimental Models into Underlying Mechanisms. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 16, 323-339. doi: 10.4236/pp.2025.169017.