Author(s)

Xiaolin Li

Independent Researcher, Chongqing, China.

In quantum mechanics, particles have a new type of probabilistic property, which is quantum wave probability. The quantum wave probability corresponds to the quantum wave entropy. The action in classical mechanics corresponds to the quantum wave entropy. The least action principle corresponds to the stationary quantum wave entropy principle. Quantum wave entropy creates a bridge between dynamics and thermodynamics. Combining the Hamiltonian-Jacobian equation of classical mechanics and quantum wave entropy, we can derive the relationship between temperature and time. There is an inverse relationship between temperature and time. The phase of the wave function in quantum mechanics corresponds to the imaginary action. Combining the imaginary action and quantum wave entropy, we can derive the Wick rotation between temperature and imaginary time in quantum mechanics, thus explaining the physical meaning of the Wick rotation. Wick rotation is only applicable to the stationary state, not universally true. Imaginary time is only a mathematical representation and has no real physical significance.

Quantum Wave Probability, Quantum Wave Entropy, Action, Least Action Principle, Stationary Quantum Wave Entropy Principle, Hamiltonian-Jacobian Equation, Imaginary Action, Temperature, Time, Imaginary Temperature, Imaginary Time, Wick Rotation

Li, X.L. (2025) Temperature and Time in Quantum Wave Entropy . Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 11, 784-794. doi: 10.4236/jhepgc.2025.113049.