Author(s)

Amadou Djibrilla-Almoustapha^1,2*, Badé Malam-Abdou^1,2, Abdourahamane Yacouba^2,3,4, Moussa Souley¹, Moustapha Maman Brah³, Moustapha Elhadji-Chefou⁵, Boubacar Marou-Soumana^2,6, Samaila Aboubacar², Ousseini Fanta², Maman Rabiou Badé¹, Oumarou Adamou-Chaibou¹

¹Department of Hematology-Oncology, National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger.
²Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger.
³Department of Medicine, Zinder Hospital Regional, Niger.
⁴Departtment of Biology, Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Niamey, Niger.
⁵Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Dan Dicko Dankouloudo of Maradi, Maradi, Niger.
⁶Laboratory of Biology, National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger.

Objective: Improve the care of patients followed for acute leukemia in the Oncohematology department of the National Hospital of Niamey. Methods: This was a prospective study, over a period of 2 years from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, in patients with acute leukemia in the Oncohematology department of the National Hospital of Niamey (HNN), whose diagnosis was made on a blood smear associated with a myelogram and immunophenotyping and who were consenting. Results: We collected 25 cases of acute leukemia confirmed by myelogram and immunophenotyping. The mean age of the patients was 31.32 years, with a predominance of women, a sex ratio of 0.92. Pupils and students were in the majority with 40% and most came from the Niamey region, i.e. 68%. Anemic syndrome was the most common clinical sign in 96%. ALL predominated in 64% of cases. On the blood count, the hyperleukocytosis was more marked in AML (mean white count: 197256.6 elts/mm³) than in ALL (137891.6 elts/mm³), it was the same for thrombocytopenia which is more marked in AML (75588.89/mm³) than in ALL (52156.25/mm³). Therapeutically, 52% of patients received chemotherapy. The mean overall survival was 16.223 ± 3.191 months, including a mean survival for AML of 6.853 ± 1200 months compared to 21.720 ± 5.920 months for ALL. Conclusion: Acute leukemia still remains a major problem in our context, due to the precariousness of limited financial, diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Thus reflecting in our results, the increasing number of cases, the diagnostic delay and the guarded prognosis. This is the reality in several other countries in the sub-region and even in certain developed countries.

Acute Leukemia, ALL, AML, Hematology-Niamey National Hospital (HNN), Niger

Djibrilla-Almoustapha, A. , Malam-Abdou, B. , Yacouba, A. , Souley, M. , Brah, M. , Elhadji-Chefou, M. , Marou-Soumana, B. , Aboubacar, S. , Fanta, O. , Badé, M. and Adamou-Chaibou, O. (2024) Acute Leukemia in Niger: Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects. Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 14, 81-90. doi: 10.4236/ojbd.2024.143009.