Author(s)

Ollo Youl^1,2*, Soumaïla Konaté², Ernest N. Sombié¹, Rainatou Boly³, Boukaré Kaboré^3,4, Moumouni Koala³, Arouna Zoungrana^2,5, Saybou Savadogo², Christian Marc Tahita⁶, Innocent Valea⁶, Halidou Tinto⁶, Adama Hilou¹, Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly⁶

¹Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
²Agence Nationale Pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, de l’Alimentation, du Travail et des Produits de Santé (ANSSEAT), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
³Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (L-RD/PM), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS-CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
⁴Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Physique Appliquée (LCOPA), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
⁵Laboratoire Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LASVT), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Norbert ZONGO, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
⁶Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS-CNRST), Nanoro, Burkina Faso.

Lawsonia inermis is a hairless plant growing in various regions of North Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. It possesses many medicinal attributes, including curative properties against infectious dermatoses. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical profile of the crude ethanolic extract of the plant leaves and its fractions as well as their antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical profile was performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric and the aluminum trichloride methods. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The presence of flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and triterpenes was revealed. GC-MS detected twelve compounds main compounds consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic and terpenoid compounds among twenty-seven components. HPLC also detected high contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The most abundant triterpene and sterols were ursolic acid (around 43.14 g/100g DW, 13.9 g/100g dry weight (DW), and 0.68 g/100g DW) in the crude ethanolic extract of leaves (FeLi), hexane fraction (FHLi) and dichloromethane fraction (FDLi), respectively and, β-sitosterol in FeLi (56.7 mg/100g DW), FHLi (10.55 g/100g DW), FDLi (106.1 mg/100g DW) and butanol fraction (FBLi) (357.4 mg/100g DW). Among the flavonoids, rutin = 3.24 g/100g and quercetin = 0.63 g/100g in the ethanolic extract, rutin = 15.73 g/100g in the dichloromethane fraction, and rutin = 0.23 g/100g) in the aqueous fraction; and among phenolic compounds, caffeic acid (37.65 g/100g DW) and vanillic acid (22.70 g/100g DW) were the most important in the ethyl acetate fraction (FAeLi). All organic fractions exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested strains, with the best activity recorded with the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The leaf extracts’ phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity support the use of Lawsonia inermis against infectious skin diseases.

Lawsonia inermis, Phytochemical Profile, HPLC, GC-MS Analysis, Antimicrobial Activity

Youl, O. , Konaté, S. , Sombié, E. , Boly, R. , Kaboré, B. , Koala, M. , Zoungrana, A. , Savadogo, S. , Tahita, C. , Valea, I. , Tinto, H. , Hilou, A. and Traoré-Coulibaly, M. (2024) Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extracts from Burkina Faso. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 15, 552-576. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2024.157038.