Author(s)

Sahar Moawia Balla Elnour^1*, Tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed Taha², Haiam Abdalla Wadatalla³, Ziryab Zainelabdin Mohamed Elmahdi⁴, Marwah Isam Abdulmajeed Mohammedahmed⁵, Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamadto⁶, Nahla Yousif Osman Mohammed Saeed⁷, Omnia Mubarak Saad Abdallah⁸, Sulafa Abdelbagi Mustafa Ahmed⁶, Hanady Abdelhameed Ahmed Mohamed⁶, Najad Mustafa⁹, Sarah Khalil Fathi Khalil¹⁰

¹Family Medicine, Health Gates, Primary Care, Riyadh, SAU.
²Family Medicine, Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Company, Kuwait, KWT.
³Family Medicine, First Health Cluster, Riyadh, SAU.
⁴Emergency Department, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abudahbi, ARE.
⁵Family Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, SDN.
⁶Family Medicine, Sudan Medical Specialization Board-Sudan, Khartoum, SDN.
⁷Family Medicine, Ultra Care, Home Care Company, Riyadh, SAU.
⁸Medicine Department, Health Gates, Primary Care, Riyadh, SAU.
⁹Family Medicine, Makkah Polyclinic, Riyadh, SAU.
¹⁰Family Medicine, Mouwasat Hospital, Madinah, SAU.

Research Background: The high prevalence of diabetes in Sudan, estimated at 16%, highlights the importance of effective health education in diabetes management. Diabetes self-management education has been identified as a crucial tool in enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and abilities necessary for self-management among individuals with diabetes. Aim: To assess the impact of diabetes self-management education on medication adherence and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes before and 3 months after the DSME intervention. Method: The study was conducted in Sudan between September 2022 and March 2023, it was an interventional, one-group, pre- and post-test study that aimed to assess the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on medication adherence and diabetes control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes. The research was conducted in primary health care centers in six cities in Sudan and involved 244 participants. The data entry and statistical analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0. A paired t test was used for analysis. Results: The study included 244 participants, 67% of whom were males. The age mean ± SD was 48.6 ± 9.3 years, and 85.3% of participants were married. Age at onset of diabetes mean ± SD was 40.60 ± 7.81 years; 44.6% had diabetes for less than 5 years; and 84.1% had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. The levels of poor, low, and partial adherence to medication decreased by 8.2%, 4%, and 20.6%, respectively, after the intervention. The levels of good and high medication regime adherence increased by 13% and 19.8%, respectively; BMI decreased by 1.1 ± 0.73 kg/m² (p = 0.005). The fasting blood sugar decreased by 69 ± 32.9 mg/dl (p = 0.049), and the glycated hemoglobin decreased by 1.21 ± 0.28% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce the importance of patient education in improving glycemic control and enhancing self-management behaviors. Patient education plays a critical role in enhancing glycemic control and self-management behaviors. It is essential for healthcare providers to adopt a patient-centered approach, taking into account the individual's beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about their illness and treatment. Overcoming these challenges necessitates a comprehensive approach, including enhancing healthcare professionals’ knowledge and communication skills, offering accessible and culturally sensitive diabetes education programs, and addressing barriers to resources and support for self-management.

Sudan, Adherence, Intervention, Education, Self-Management, Diabetes

Elnour, S. , Taha, T. , Wadatalla, H. , Elmahdi, Z. , Mohammedahmed, M. , Hamadto, R. , Saeed, N. , Abdallah, O. , Ahmed, S. , Mohamed, H. , Mustafa, N. and Khalil, S. (2024) Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Glycaemic Control in Sudanese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 12, 316-327. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2024.123026.