Author(s)

Mamadou Wagué Gueye^1*, Sokhna Moumi Mbacké Daffé¹, Mor Ngom¹, Maguette Ndoye¹, Papa Silman Diawara¹, Nata Dieng², Demba Makalou³, Macoura Gadji⁴, Macoura Gadji⁴, Awa Oumar Touré/Fall⁵, Bécaye Fall¹

¹Laboratory Federation, Hôpital Principal de Dakar (HPD), Dakar, Senegal.
²Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar (HPD), Dakar, Senegal.
³Laboratory, CHR Saint-Louis, Saint Louis, Senegal.
⁴Biological Hematology and Oncological Hematology Department (BOHD), Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS)/FMPOS-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal.
⁵Biology, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec (HALD), Dakar, Senegal.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is linked to inappropriate stimulation of macrophage cells in the bone marrow and lymphoid system, resulting in abnormal phagocytosis of figurative blood elements and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is a rare and serious hyper-inflammatory condition of diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. MAS is characterized by non-specific clinical and laboratory signs associated with images of hemophagocytosis. MAS is either “primary” (familial or pediatric forms), or “secondary/reactive” to infection, neoplasia, or autoimmune disease. Hemopathies dominate MAS secondary to neoplasia. B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of B lymphoid progenitors, blocked at an early stage of differentiation, leading to suppression of polyclonal hematopoiesis and subsequent development of signs associated with bone marrow failure. In this context, we report the observation of a macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) associated with ALL, diagnosed at Hôpital Principal de Dakar/Senegal, in a 69-year-old patient with a well-controlled type 2 diabetes under oral antidiabetic therapy (OAD) and good general condition.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult

Gueye, M. , Daffé, S. , Ngom, M. , Ndoye, M. , Diawara, P. , Dieng, N. , Makalou, D. , Gadji, M. , Gadji, M. , Touré/Fall, A. and Fall, B. (2023) Macrophage Activation Syndrome in a Context of Pre-B Type Lymphoblastic Acute Leucemia: A Case Report. Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 13, 141-147. doi: 10.4236/ojbd.2023.134016.