Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Volume 10, Issue 11 (November 2020)

ISSN Print: 2165-7424   ISSN Online: 2165-7432

Google-based Impact Factor: 0.39  Citations  

Resistance to Anti-Thyroid Drugs in Graves’ Disease: Clinical-Biological Characteristics and Alternative Therapy in Tropical Area

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DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2020.1011014    654 Downloads   2,801 Views  Citations

ABSTRACT

Background: Resistance to anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) is a rare entity recently described. We report two African observations in the treatment of Graves’ disease. Case 1: A 19-year-old Senegalese woman presented on admission with thyrotoxicosis syndrome associated with diffuse goitre and Grave’s orbitopathy. TSH levels were low (0.005 mIU/ml; N = 0.27 - 4.20) and fT4 elevated (60 pmol/L; N = 12 - 22]. Combination therapy with propranolol (40 mg/day) and carbimazole (starting dose of 45 mg/day and increased to 60 mg/day) was initiated. In view of the persistence of symptoms despite good therapeutic compliance, carbimazole was replaced by methimazole with an initial starting dose of 40 mg/day, followed by 60 mg/day. Despite the change in therapy, clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis persisted, and fT4 levels remained elevated. The patient was diagnosed with resistance to ATDs in Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy following 10 days of preoperative preparation with 1% Lugol’s solution was performed successfully. Case 2: A 22-year-old woman was referred for continued management of Graves’ disease with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels (34 UI/mL; N < 1.75). Treatment included propranolol (80 mg/day) and carbimazole at an unusual dose of 80 mg/day. Combined therapy was clinically and biologically ineffective, with an fT4 level of 100 pmol/L [N: 12 - 22]. Upon admission, methimazole (40 mg/day) followed by propylthiouracil (800 mg/day) replaced carbimazole. Despite good patient compliance, the patient’s symptoms remained unaltered and fT4 levels elevated. A total robot thyroidectomy using the right axillary approach was performed successfully after 10 days of preoperative preparation, including prednisone (40 mg/day) combined with 1% Lugol’s solution. Conclusion: Resistance to ATDs complicates the management of Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy following preoperative preparation with Lugol’s solution and/or corticosteroids was shown to be successful.

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Diack, N. , Ndiaye, N. , Sene, M. , Ba, M. , Thiam, N. , Samb, K. , Guisse, P. , Sall, S. , Diene, A. , Zohoun, M. , Leye, Y. and Leye, A. (2020) Resistance to Anti-Thyroid Drugs in Graves’ Disease: Clinical-Biological Characteristics and Alternative Therapy in Tropical Area. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 10, 147-153. doi: 10.4236/ojemd.2020.1011014.
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