Neuropathological Changes in Hydrocephalus—A Comprehensive Review - Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery

OJMN > Vol.8 No.1, January 2018

Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery

Volume 8, Issue 1 (January 2018)

ISSN Print: 2163-0569 ISSN Online: 2163-0585

Google-based Impact Factor: 0.36 Citations

Neuropathological Changes in Hydrocephalus—A Comprehensive Review ()

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DOI: 10.4236/ojmn.2018.81001 1,009 Downloads 2,970 Views Citations

Author(s)

Domenico L. Di Curzio^1,2

Affiliation(s)

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
²Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

ABSTRACT

Hydrocephalus is a heterogeneous, neurological condition characterized by altered flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can occur at any age. Neuropathological changes associated with hydrocephalus are dependent on the age of onset, rate of ventricular enlargement, and the etiology. Hydrocephalic brain damage is also influenced by contributions from both mechanical forces and metabolic changes, which increases the heterogeneity of the condition. However, as ventriculomegaly progresses, the surrounding brain tissue is compressed within the cranial vault, elevating intracranial pressure and eventually leading to severe brain damage. From this perspective, it makes sense that periventricular brain regions are the initial sites of damage as ventricular dilatation occurs. The following review of neuropathological changes in hydrocephalus will first discuss cellular and region specific damage from the ventricles and outward towards the cortex and brainstem. This will be followed by vascular and hypoxic changes associated with the condition. Both types of brain impairments are dependent on the severity of the condition, and they will be described accordingly.

KEYWORDS

Hydrocephalus, Neuropathology, Brain, Vascular, Hypoxia

Share and Cite:

Di Curzio, D. (2018) Neuropathological Changes in Hydrocephalus—A Comprehensive Review. Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery, 8, 1-29. doi: 10.4236/ojmn.2018.81001.

Cited by

[1]	Changes in Neuronal Density of the Sensorimotor Cortex and Neurodevelopmental Behaviour in Neonatal Mice with Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalus
	2020

[2]	Pathophysiology and Proteogenomics of Post-infectious and Post-hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in Infants
	2020

[3]	MR Diffusion Changes in the Perimeter of the Lateral Ventricles Demonstrate Periventricular Injury in Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity
	2019

[4]	Interaction between Ventricular Expansion and Structural Changes in the Corpus Callosum and Putamen in Males with FMR1 Normal and Premutation Alleles
	2019

[5]	Experimental Hydrocephalus: Models and Study Methods
	Pediatric Hydrocephalus, 2018

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