Author(s)

Eduardo G. G. de Farias, Paulo Nobre, João A. Lorenzzetti, Roberto A. F. de Almeida, Luiz C. I. Júnior

National Institute for Space Research, Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
National Institute for Space Research, Remote Sensing Division, S?o José dos Campos, Brazil.

The biogeochemical dynamics of carbon in the ocean is a subject of fundamental interest to environmental studies. In this context, we have implemented a ten year run of the Brazilian Earth System Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model (BESM-OA2.3) integrated with TOPAZ biogeochemical model for the Atlantic basin. The modeled ΔpCO₂ for the tropical Atlantic shows very clearly a high dominance of positive fluxes, that is, the CO₂ fluxes are sea-to-air throughout the tropical region and for both winter and summer periods. In the mid-latitudes regions negatives fluxes (air-to-sea) were observed for both seasons. An exception to this pattern is an extensive negative tongue on the latitude 10N. The occurrence of this negative ΔpCO₂ tongue region in the Tropical Atlantic is highly correlated to negative Evaporation-Precipitation values during this season. In the northern hemisphere (NH) summer the negative values of ΔpCO₂ in the tropical Atlantic region are concentrated in the adjacent zone of the Amazon river mouth due to the North Equatorial Counter Current intensification. This process favors the formation of a carbon sink in the adjacent region of the Amazon river mouth. Model results show lowest values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in a surface layer (100 - 150 m). Highest DIC values are observed in deeper layers and concentrated in an equatorial band. The chlorophyll bloom in equatorial zones was well represented by the model. These blooms are the result of equatorial upwelling that brings the high concentration tongues of DIC present in the equatorial band towards the euphotic zone. This is the first published paper about the BESM-OA2.3 integrated with TOPAZ. The presented results suggest that this modeling system is able to reproduce the main regional carbon dynamics features of the mid-latitude/tropical Atlantic.

Carbon Cycle; Atlantic Basin; Coupled Model; Climatological Analysis

E. de Farias, P. Nobre, J. Lorenzzetti, R. de Almeida and L. Júnior, "Variability of Air-Sea CO₂ Fluxes and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Distribution in the Atlantic Basin: A Coupled Model Analysis," International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 4 No. 1A, 2013, pp. 249-258. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2013.41A022.