Author(s)

Baïdy Sy Kane¹, Awa Cheikh Ndao¹, Abdourahmane Samba², Mame Madiguène Ka³, Maïmouna Sow¹, Fatou Aw³, Mohamed Dieng¹, Souhaïbou Ndongo¹, Mouhamadou Bamba Ndiaye³, Maboury Diao³, Abdoulaye Pouye¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Le Dantec Teaching Hospital, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal.
²Biochemistry Laboratory, Le Dantec Teaching Hospital, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal.
³Department of Cardiology, Le Dantec Teaching Hospital, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increasing of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Several studies showed also the increasing of the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis, but there are little data from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and the ability of the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) modified by European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) to predict the high CV risk in our patients. Patients and Method: We conducted a cross sectional study in Senegalese patients with RA. The RA was retained according to 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria. Patients with RA were assessed in a clinical research consultation. Results: We included 50 RA patients. The mean age was 44 years (+/- 12.37) and the sex-ratiowas 0.06. The frequency distribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was: hypertension (HT) (30%), diabetes-mellitus (6%), smoking (2%), no-exercise (22%), obesity (16%), metabolic syndrome (8%). Fifty-eight percent of patients were classified at low cardiovascular risk according to mSCORE. 51.7% of patients classified as moderate-risk according to mSCORE, were reclassified as high cardiovascular risk according to carotid ultrasound evaluation (gold-standard). The sensitivity of the mSCORE in the prediction of high CV risk was low at 20%. In the present study, the prevalence of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis was 20%. Age (>45 years) and HT were correlated to subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of atherosclerosis in RA patients was higher than expected frequency in comparison with the prevalence in Senegalese general population. We showed that CV risk was underestimated by mSCORE which had a low sensitivity in the prediction of high risk. We showed also the importance of carotid ultrasound for an appropriate stratification of the risk.

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Africa South of the Sahara

Kane, B. , Ndao, A. , Samba, A. , Ka, M. , Sow, M. , Aw, F. , Dieng, M. , Ndongo, S. , Ndiaye, M. , Diao, M. and Pouye, A. (2020) Cardiovascular Risk and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Senegalese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Single Centre. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10, 1-11. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2020.101001.