The administrative issue of rural land has been filled with little concern by the State and scientists but have had a great impact on rural community’s life in organization of agricultural production, space for living and the guarantee of rights of land assets of farmers. Moreover, it also has a direct effect on the State’s managerial efficiency in rural areas. Vietnam and China have some common points in politics, particularly in policies of farm land and the process of reforms in rural land as well. This article is about China’s experience and Vietnam’s reality in the economic transition period. Such matters of administrative reforms in rural land in Vietnam and China can be referential lessons for nations with the same circumstances.