The Self-Assessment Perceived Global Distress Scale-Reliability and Construct Validity—Perceived Global Distress Scale
Bo Ivarsson, Leif Lindström, Ulf Malm, Torsten Norlander
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2011.24045   PDF    HTML     7,976 Downloads   15,664 Views   Citations

Abstract

Objective: the aim was to study psychometric properties of the Perceived Global Distress Scale (PGD) for peo- ple with severe mental illness, mainly with schizophrenia disorders. Methods: PGD is a Visual Analogue Scale included in “The Quality Star”, a minimal platform for clinical follow-up and efficiency documentation of men- tal health services in eight dimensions used in Sweden. Naturalistic data was used. Validating instruments in- cluded Quality of Life-100, Symptom Check List-90, Consumer Satisfaction Rating Scale—self-rating version, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA), Global Quality of Life scale, Care Burden Scale for Relatives, Perceived Global Burden, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Side Effect Rating Scale (SERS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)—the split-GAF version. Concurrent validity with corresponding item in MANSA was explored. Test-retest reliability of the GQL was examined. Results: the content validity was clarified by associations with validating measures from several contexts in three studies, supporting con- struct validity. Concurrent validity with the last item MANSA, “How satisfied are you with your mental health?”, was demonstrated. Test-retest reliability was indicated. Conclusion: the Perceived Global Distress Scale (PGD) was shown to have acceptable psychometric properties and valid for serious mental ill persons with schizophre- nia disorders. Its use as an easy-to-use instrument for the screening of perceived global mental distress was sup- ported.

Share and Cite:

Ivarsson, B. , Lindström, L. , Malm, U. and Norlander, T. (2011) The Self-Assessment Perceived Global Distress Scale-Reliability and Construct Validity—Perceived Global Distress Scale. Psychology, 2, 283-290. doi: 10.4236/psych.2011.24045.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
[2] Andrews, G., & Slade, T. (2001). Interpreting scores on the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25, 494-497. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x
[3] Bech, P. (1993). Rating scales for psychopathology, health status and quality of life. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
[4] Bech, P., Malt, U. F., Dencker, S. J., Ahlfors, U. G., Elgen, K., Lewander, T. et al. (1993). Scales for assessment of diagnosis and severity of mental disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 87, Supplement 372, 3-86.
[5] Bergman, P. (2003). A validation study of the VAS scale Perceived distress in the quality star. Internal report the Quality star network. URL (last checked 2 March 2011) http://www.kvalitetsstjarnan.se/Forskning%20studier/SCL90%20Bergman%20Ljungby%20031217.pdf.
[6] Bergmark, T., Durling, H., Bostrom, A., & Wistedt, B. (1990). Family: Un underestimated but hard burdened resource in caringe. L?kartidningen, 87, 3287-3288.
[7] Bjorkman, T., & Svensson, B. (2005). Quality of life in people with severe mental illness. Reliability and validity of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59, 302-306.
[8] Derogatis, L. R. (1994). Symptom Checklist-90-R: Administration, scoring & procedure manual for the revised version of the SCL-90. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
[9] Derogatis, L. R. (2000). Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. In A. J. Rush, M. M. First and D. Blacker (Eds.), Handbook of psychiatric measures (pp. 81-84). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
[10] Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., & Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale—Preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bulletin, 9, 13-28.
[11] Duncan, B. L., Miller, S. D., Wampold, B. E., & Hubble, M. A. (Eds.) (2010), The heart and soul of change—Delivering what works in therapy (2nd ed.). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
[12] Erdner, L., & Eiman, G. (2003). Comparison studies between the quality star scare for next of kin and the CBS-R scale. Internal report the Quality star network. URL (last checked 2 March 2011) http://www.kvalitetsstjarnan.se/Forskning%20studier/Erdner%20Eiman%20dec%202003.pdf
[13] Erdner, L., & Ivarsson, B. (2002) The quality star—A tool for regular outcome monitoring. In M. London, (Ed.), ENTER Mental health (pp. 65-69). Cambridge: Print-Out.
[14] Everitt, B. S., & Wykes, T. (Eds.) (1999). A dictionary for statistics for psychologists. London: Arnold.
[15] Fridell, M., Cesarec, Z., Johansson, M., & Malling Andersen, S. (2002). SCL-90 Swedish norms, standardisation and validation of the symptom scale. Lund: Department of Psychology, Lund University & National Board of Institutional Care (SiS).
[16] GGG-Group of the Quality Star Network (2009). User’s Instruments and manual. Present English version published by Karlstad University in cooperation with the Quality Star Network. Available though authors.
[17] Goldberg, D. P., & Williams, P. (1988). A user’s guide to the general health questionnaire. Basingstoke: NFER-Nelson.
[18] Harpham, T., Reichenheim, M., Oser, R., Thomas, E., Nasrmeen, H., Jaswal, S. et al. (2003). Measuring mental health in a cost-effective manner. Health Policy and Planning, 18, 344-49. doi:10.1093/heapol/czg041
[19] Hjarthag, F., Helldin, L., & Norlander, T. (2008). Family burden: Psychometric properties of the burden inventory for relatives to persons with psychotic disturbance. Psychological Reports, 103, 323-335
[20] Holi, M. (2003). Assessment of psychiatric symptoms using the SCL-90. Doctoral Thesis, Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
[21] Ivarsson, B., Andersson, J., Malmstrom, S., Carlsson, C., & Johansson, B.-I. (2010). Normal population ratings on the Perceived Global Distress scale (PGD). Internal report for the Quality Star group and Evidens-FOU. URL (last ckecked 2 March 2011) http://www.kvalitetsstjarnan.se/Forskning%20studier/Normal%20population%20ratings%20PGD.pdf
[22] Ivarsson, B., Erdner, L., & Malm, U. (2006). The quality star—An algorithm for the evaluation of mental health services. ENMESH conference, Lund, 10 June 2006. URL (last checked 2 March 2011 http://www.kvalitetsstjarnan.se/Rapporter/THE%20QUALITY%20STAR%20060610.pdf
[23] Ivarsson, B., & Malm, U. (2007). Self-reported consumer satisfaction in mental health services: Validation of a self-rating version of the UKU-Consumer Satisfaction Rating Scale. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61, 194-200. doi:10.1080/08039480701352488
[24] Ivarsson, B., Malm, U., Lindstr?m, L., & Norlander, T. (2010). The self-assessment Global Quality of Life scale—Reliability and construct validity. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 14, 287-297. doi:10.3109/13651501.2010.487217
[25] Lindstr?m, E., Jedenius, E., & Levander, S. (2009). A symptom Self-rating Scale for Schizophrenia (4S): Psychometric properties, reliability and validity. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63, 368-374. doi:10.1080/08039480902807298
[26] Lingjaerde, O., Ahlfors, U. G., Bech, P., Dencker, S. J., & Elgen, K. (1987). The UKU side effect rating scale. A new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 76, Supplement 334, 1-100. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb10566.x
[27] O’Hare, T., Sherrer, M., Smith Connery, H., Thornton, J., LaButti, A., & Emrick, K. (2003). Further validation of the psycho-social well-being scale (PSWS) with community clients. Community Mental Health Journal, 39, 115-129. doi:10.1023/A:1022658503553
[28] Patterson, D. A., & Lee, M. S. (1995). Field trial of the Global assessment of functioning scale-modified. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1386-1388.
[29] Pedersen, G., Hagtvet, K. A., & Karterud, S. (2007). Generalizability studies of the global assessment of functioning—Split version. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 88-94. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.03.008
[30] Priebe, S., Huxley, P., Knight, S., & Evans, S. (1999) Application of the manchester short assessment of quality of life (MANSA). International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 45, 7-12. doi:10.1177/002076409904500102
[31] Skantze, K., & Malm, U. (1994). A new approach to facilitation of working alliances based on patients’ quality of life goals. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 37-55. doi:10.3109/08039489409078125
[32] Skantze, K., Malm, U., Dencker, S. J., May, P. R., & Corrigan, P. (1992). Comparison of quality of life with standard of living in schizophrenic out-patients. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 797-801. doi:10.1192/bjp.161.6.797
[33] Soderberg, P. (2007). The Episode project. Treatment effects, Psychiatric ambulatory care 2006. Report for the NYSAM psychiatric development group. S?ter: Psychiatric Development unit, Dalarna County. URL (last checked 2 March 2011) http://www.ltdalarna.se/upload/1493/Episodprojektet%20original%202006%20070402.pdf
[34] Soderberg, P., & Tungstrom, S. (2007). Outcome in psychiatric outpatient services. Reliability, validity and outcome based on routine assessments with the GAF scale. PhD Thesis, Ume?: Ume? University.
[35] Ventura, M. A., Lukoff, D., Nuechterlein, K. H., Liberman, R. P., Green, M. F., & Sahner, A. (1993). Manual for the expanded brief psychiatric rating scale. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 3, 221-244.
[36] Ventura, M. A., Lukoff, D., Nuechterlein, K. H., Subotnik, K., & Gilbert, E. (1995). Symtom dimensions in recent-onset schizophrenia: The 24-item expanded BPRS. The 5th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research, 15, 22.
[37] Yamauchi, K., Ono, Y., Baba, K., & Ikegami, N. (2001). The actual process of rating the global assessment of functioning scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 403-409. doi:10.1053/comp.2001.26268

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.