Highly Nonlinear Bending-Insensitive Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibres
Huseyin Ademgil, Shyqyri Haxha, Fathi AbdelMalek
DOI: 10.4236/eng.2010.28078   PDF    HTML     4,855 Downloads   9,294 Views   Citations

Abstract

Highly nonlinear birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) that exhibits low losses and small effective mode area across a wide wavelength range has been presented. The effects of angular orientation on bending losses of the proposed PCFs have been thoroughly investigated by employing a full vectorial finite element method (FEM). It has been demonstrated that it is possible to design a bending-insensitive nonlinear PCF with a birefringence in the order of 10-2 and a nonlinear coefficient of 49 W-1km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. Also, significant improvements on key propagation characteristics of the proposed PCFs have been demonstrated by carefully altering the desired air hole diameters and the hole-to-hole spacing. It is demonstrated that two zero dispersion wavelengths can be achieved by the proposed design.

Share and Cite:

Ademgil, H. , Haxha, S. and AbdelMalek, F. (2010) Highly Nonlinear Bending-Insensitive Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibres. Engineering, 2, 608-616. doi: 10.4236/eng.2010.28078.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] [1] J, C. Knight, T, A. Birks and P. St. J. Russell, “All-Silica Single-Mode Optical Fibre with Photonic Crystal Cladding,” Optics Letter, Vol. 21, No. 19, 1996, pp. 1547- 1549.
[2] G, Renversez, B. Kuhlmey and R. McPhedran, “Dispersion Management with Microstructured Optical Fibers: Ultraflattened Chromatic Dispersion with Low Losses,” Optics Letter, Vol. 28, No. 12, 2003, pp. 989-991.
[3] J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S. E. Barkou and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic Crystal Fibres: A New Class of Optical Wave- guides,” Optical Fiber Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1999, pp. 305-330.
[4] A. Birks, J. C. Knight, B. J. Mangan and P. St. J. Russell, “Photonic Crystal Fibres: an Endless Variety,” IEICE Transactions on Electronics, Vol. E84-C, 2001, pp. 585- 592.
[5] K. Saitoh and M. Koshiba, “Leakage Loss and Group Velocity Dispersion in Air-Core Photonic Band-Gap Fibres,” Optics Express, Vol. 11, No. 23, 2003, pp. 3100- 3109.
[6] H. Ademgil and S. Haxha, “Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibres with Ultra-Low Chromatic Dispersion and Low Confinement Losses,” IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2008, pp. 441-448.
[7] J. H. Lee, P. C. Teh, Z. Yusoff, M. Ibsen, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro and D. J. Richardson, “A Holey Fiber-Based Nonlinear Thresholding Device for Optical CDMA Receiver Performance Enhancement,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letter, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2002, pp. 876-878.
[8] A. V. Yulin, D. V. Skryabin and P. S. J. Russell, “Four- Wave Mixing of Linear Waves and Solutions in Fibers with Higher-Order Dispersion,” Optics Letter, Vol. 29, No. 20, 2004, pp. 2411-2413.
[9] T. Nasilowski, P. Lesiak, R. Kotynski, M. Antkowiak, A. Fernandez, F. Berghmans and H. Thienpont, “Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber as a Multi Parameter Sensor,” Proceedings Symposium IEEE/LEOS, Benelux Chapter, Enschede, 2003, pp. 29-32.
[10] K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, S. Kawanishi, M. Tanaka and M. Fujita, “Optical Properties of Low Loss Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Optics Express, Vol. 9, No.13, 2001, pp. 676-680.
[11] Y. Yue, G. Kai, Z. Wang, T. Sun, L. Jin, Y. Lu, C. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Liu, S. Yuan and X. Dong, “Highly Birefringent Elliptic-Hole Photonic Crystal Fibre with Squeezed Hexagonal Lattice,” Optics Letter, Vol. 32, No. 5, 2007, pp. 469-471.
[12] Y. S. Sun, Y.-F. Chau, H.-H. Yeh, L.-F. Shen, T.-J. Yang and D. P. Tsai, “High Birefringence Photonic Crystal Fiber with Complex Unit Cell of Asymmetry Elliptical Air Holes Cladding,” Applied Optics, Vol. 46, No. 22, 2007, pp. 5276-5281.
[13] T. Ritari, H. Ludvigsen, M. Wegmuller, M. Legré, N. Gisin, J. R. Folkenberg and M. D. Nielsen, “Experimental Study of Polarization Properties of Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Optics Express, Vol. 12, No. 24, 2004, pp. 5931-5939.
[14] A. Ortigosa-Blanch, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, J. Arriaga, B. J. Mangan, T. A. Birks, P. St and J. Russell, “Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Optics Letter, Vol. 25, No. 18, 2000, pp. 1325-1327.
[15] R. T. Bise and D. J. Trevor, “Sol-Gel Derived MicroStructured Fiber: Fabrication and Characterization,” Optical Society of America, Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC), Washington, DC, Vol. 3, March 2005.
[16] F. Poli, A. Cucinotta, S. Selleri and A. H. Bouk, “Tailoring of Flattened Dispersion in Highly Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fibers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letter, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2004, pp. 1065-1067.
[17] K. Saitoh and M. Koshiba, “Highly Nonlinear Dispersion-Flattened Photonic Crystal Fibers for Supercontinuum Generation in a Telecommunication Window,” Optics Express, Vol. 12, No. 10, 2004, pp. 2027-2032.
[18] T. Yamamoto, H. Kubota, S. Kawanishi, M. Tanaka and S. Yamaguchi, “Supercontinuum Genera-tion at 1.55 M in a Dispersion-Flattened Polariza-tion-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber,” Optics Express, Vol. 11, No. 13, 2003, pp. 1537-1540.
[19] M. Lehtonen, G. Genty, M. Kaivola and H. Ludvigsen, “Superconti-nuum Generation in a Highly Birefringent Microstructured Fiber,” Applied Physics Letter, Vol. 82, No. 14, 2003, pp. 2197-2199.
[20] A. Kudlinski, B. A. Cumberland, J. C. Travers, G. Bouwmans, Y. Quiquempois and A. Mussot, “CW Superconttinuum Generation in Photonic Crystal Fibres with Two Zero-Dispersion Wavelength,” AIP Conference Proceedings, Sao Pedro, August 2008, pp. 15-18.
[21] B. A. Cumberland, J. C. Travers, S. V. Popov and J. R. Taylor, “29 W High Power CW Su-percontinuum Source,” Optics Express, Vol. 16, No. 8, 2008, pp. 5954- 5962.
[22] N. H. Vu, I. K. Hwang and Y. H. Lee, “Bending Loss Analyses of Photonic Crystal Fibers Based on the Finite- Difference Time-Domain Method,” Optics Letter, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2008, pp. 119-121.
[23] T. Martynkien, J. Olszewski, M. Szpulak, G. Golojuch, W. Urbanczyk, T. Nasilowski, F. Berghmans and H. Thienpont, “Experimental Investigations of Bending Loss Oscillations in Large Mode Area Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Optics Express, Vol. 15, No. 21, 2007, pp. 13547- 13556.
[24] K. Saitoh and M. Koshiba “Single-Polarization Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fibers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letter, Vol.15, No.10, 2003, pp. 1384-1386.
[25] N. A. Issa, M. A. van Eijkelenborg, M. Fellew, F. Cox, G. Henry and M. C. J. Large, “Fabrication and Study of Microstructured Optical Fibers with Elliptical Holes,” Optics Letter, Vol. 29, No. 12, 2004, pp. 1336-1338.
[26] S. Haxha and H. Ademgil, “Novel Design of Photonic Crystal Fibres with Low Confinement Losses, Nearly Zero Ultra-Flatted Chromatic Dispersion, Negative Chro- matic Dispersion and Improved Effective Mode Area,” Journal of Optics Communications, Vol. 281, No. 2, 2008, pp. 278-286.
[27] T. Kato, Y. Suetsugu and M. Nishimura “Esti-mation of Nonlinear Refractive Index in Various Silica-Based Gla- sses for Optical Fibers,” Optics Letter, Vol. 20, No. 22, 1995, pp. 2279-2281.
[28] P.-A. Champert, V. Couderc, P. Leproux, S. Février, V. Tombelaine, L. Labonté, P. Roy, C. Froehly and P. Nérin, “White-Light Supercontinuum Generation in Normally Dispersive Optical Fiber Using Original Mul-ti-Wave- length Pumping System,” Optics Express, Vol. 12, No. 19, 2004, pp. 4366-4371.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.