Premelting, Pressure Melting, and Regelation of Ice Revisited

Chloe T. Calderon, Pirooz Mohazzabi

Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2018.611183                

Abstract

In this article we review some of the most important and relevant literature on the properties of ice. We focus on three of its surface properties, namely, the slipperiness of ice, the phenomena of a string under load passing through a block of ice without cutting the block in half, and pressure melting and adhesion of blocks of ice. We then provide an argument for the most plausible factor responsible for each of these effects.

Keywords

Ice Regelation, Pressure Melting, Quasi-Liquid

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Li, Y.M. and Somorjai, G.A. (2007) Surface Premelting of Ice. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 111, 9631-9637. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp071102f
[2]	Kau man, P. and Vondracek, M. (2005) The E ect Surface Temperature Has on Kinetic Friction. The Physics Teacher, 43, 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1869429
[3]	Hilton, W.A. (1974) Apparatus for Teaching Physics: Ice Cube Regelation. The Physics Teacher, 307-308. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2350388
[4]	Pryor, M.J. (1966) Apparatus for Teaching Physics: Regelation Is for Everybody. The Physics Teacher, 4, 368-369. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2351051
[5]	Zemansky, M.W. (1965) The Regelation of Ice Is a Complicated Phenomenon. The Physics Teacher, 3, 301-302. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2349163
[6]	Sun, C.Q. Regelation: Why Does Ice Melt Under Pressure? https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1501/1501.06981.pdf
[7]	Mohazzabi, P. (2011) The Physics of \String Passing Through Ice". The Physics Teacher, 49, 429-431. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3639152
[8]	Hynninen, T., Heinonen, V., Dias, C.L., Karttunen, M., Foster, A.S. and Ala-Nissila, T. (2010) Cutting Ice: Nanowire Regelation.Physical Review Letters, 105, Article ID: 086102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.086102
[9]	Rosenberg, R. (2005) Why Is Ice Slippery? Physics Today, 58, 50-55.
[10]	Doppenschmidt, A., Kappl, M. and Butt, H.-J. (1998) Surface Properties of Ice Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102, 7813-7819. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp981396s
[11]	Petrenko, V.F. (1997) Study of the Surface of Ice, Ice/Solid and Ice/Liquid Interfaces with Scanning Force Microscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101, 6276-6281. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp963217h
[12]	Pittenger, B. (1998) Erratum: Investigation of Ice-Solid Interfaces by Force Microscopy: Plastic Flow and Adhesive Forces [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A16, 1832 (1998)]. Journal of Vacuum Science Technology A, 16, 3582-3582. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.581002
[13]	Butt, H.J. (2000) Analysis of Plastic Deformation in Atomic Force Microscopy: Application to Ice. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 113, 1194-1203. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481898
[14]	Pittenger, B., Fain Jr., S.C., Cochran, M.J., Donev, J.M.K., Robertson, B.E., Szuchmacher, A. and Overney, R.M. (2001) Premelting at Ice-Solid Interfaces Studied via Velocity-Dependent Indentation with Force Microscope Tips. Physical Review B, 63, Article ID: 134102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.134102
[15]	Frenken, J.W.M. and van der Veen, J.F. (1985) Observation of Surface Melting. Physical Review Letters, 54, 134. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.134
[16]	Goodman, R.M. and Somorjai, G.A. (2003) Low-Energy Electron Di raction Studies of Surface Melting and Freezing of Lead, Bismuth, and Tin Single-Crystal Surfaces. Journal of Chemical Physics, 52, 6325. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672946
[17]	Wettlaufer, J.S. and Worster, M.G. (2006) Premelting Dynamics. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 38, 427-452. http://www.itg.cam.ac.uk/people/grae/68.pdf
[18]	Petrenko, V.F. (1994) The Surface of Ice. US Army Corps of Engineers: Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 94-22, August 1994.
[19]	Golecki, I. and Jaccard, C. (1977) The Surface of Ice Near 0 C Studied by 100 keV Proton Channeling. Physical Letters A, 63, 374-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(77)90936-7
[20]	Golecki, I. and Jaccard, C. (1978) Intrinsic Surface Disorder in Ice Near the Melting Point. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 11, 4229-4237. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/11/20/018
[21]	Ikeda-Fukazawa, T. and Kawamura, K. (2004) Molecular-Dynamics Studies of Surface of Ice Ih. Journal of Chemical Physics, 120, 1395-1401. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1634250
[22]	Takagi, S. (1990) Approximate Thermodynamics of the Liquid-Like Layer on an Ice Sphere Based on an Interpretation of the Wetting Parameter. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 137, 446-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(90)90419-O
[23]	Jellinek, H.H.G. (1967) Liquid-Like (Transition) Layer on Ice. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 25, 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(67)90022-7
[24]	Dash, J.G. (1989) Thermomolecular Pressure in Surface Melting: Motivation for Frost Heave. Science, 246, 1591-1593. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4937.1591
[25]	Baker, M.B. and Dash, J.G. (1989) Charge Transfer in Thunderstorms and the Surface Melting of Ice. Journal of Crystal Growth, 97, 770-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(89)90581-2
[26]	Makkonen, L. (1997) Surface Melting of Ice. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101, 6196-6200. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp963248c
[27]	Zemansky, M.W. and Dittman, R.H. (1997) Heat and Thermodynamics. 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 286-292.
[28]	Silbey, R.J. and Alberty, R.A. (2001) Physical Chemistry. 3rd Edition, Wiley, New York, 182-183.
[29]	Hach e, A. (2008) A Cool Sport Full of Physics. The Physics Teacher, 46, 398-402. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2981284
[30]	Colbeck, S.C. (1995) Pressure Melting and Ice Skating. American Journal of Physics, 63, 888-890. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18028
[31]	Dash, J.G., Fu, H. and Wettlaufer, J.S. (1995) The Premelting of Ice and Its Environmental Consequences. Reports on Progress in Physics, 58, 115. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/58/1/003
[32]	Drake, L.D. and Shreve, R.L. (1973) Pressure Melting and Regelation of Ice by Round Wires. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 332, 51-83. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1973.0013
[33]	Hobbs, P.V. (1974) Ice Physics. Chap. 6, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[34]	Nakaya, U. and Matsumoto, A. (1954) Simple Experiment Showing the Existence of \Liquid Water" Film on the Ice Surface. Jouran of Colloid Science, 9, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-8522(54)90084-7
[35]	Krim, J. (2002) Resource Letter: FMMLS-1: Friction at Macroscopic and Microscopic Length Scales. American Journal of Physics, 70, 890-897. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1484153