Interaction of 8 MeV Electron beam with P31 Bombyx mori Silk Fibers

Sangappa Halabhavi, Sangappa Asha, Puttanna Parameswar, Rudrappa Somashekar, Sanjeev Ganesh

.

DOI: 10.4236/msa.2011.27112                

Abstract

The 8 MeV electron radiation-induced changes in physical and thermal properties in P31 (Bombyx mori) silk fibers were investigated and has been correlated with the applied radiation doses. Irradiation of fiber samples were carried out in dry air at room temperature using an electron beam accelerator for varied radiation doses in the range of 0-100 kGy. Physical properties of the irradiated silk fibers were studied using XRD, FT-IR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and compared with unirradiated fiber sample. Interesting results are discussed in this report.

Keywords

Fiber, Irradiation, Physical, Thermal Properties

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	D. Lance Miller, S. Putthanarat and W. W. Adoms, “Investigation of the Nano Fibrillar Morphology in Silk Fiber by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy”, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 24, No. 2, March 1999, pp. 159-165. doi:10.1016/S0141-8130(99)00024-0
[2]	N. Mohanthy, H. K. Das, P. Mohanthy and E. Mohanthy, “Modification of Muga silk by Methyl-Methacrylate.II,” Journal of Macromolecular Science, Vol. 32, 1995, pp. 1103-1108. doi:10.1080/10601329508019151
[3]	Y. Kavahara, M. Shioya and A. Takaku, “Influence of Swelling of Non-Crystalline Regions in Silk Fibers on Modification with Methacrylamide,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 59, 1996, pp. 51-56. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960103)59:1<51::AID-APP8>3.0.CO;2-L
[4]	G. Freddi, M. R. Massafra, S. Beretta, S. Shibata, Y. Gotch, H. Yasui and M. T.Sukuda, “Structure and Properties of Bombyx Mori Silk Fibers Grafted with Methacrylamide (MAA) and 2-Hydroxy Ethylmethacrylate (HEMA),” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 60, 11, 1996, pp.1867-1876. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960613)60:11<1867::AID-APP10>3.0.CO;2-Z
[5]	M. Tsukuda, M. Obo, H. Kato, G. Freddi and F. Zenetti, “structure and Dyeability of Bombyxmori Silk Fibers with Different Filament Sizes,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 60, No. 10, 1996, pp. 1619-1627. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960606)60:10<1619::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-#
[6]	M. Tsukuda, Y. Gotch, M. Nagura, N. Minoura, N. Kasai and G. Freddi, “Structural Changes of Silk Fibroin Membrance Induced by Immersion in Methanol Aqueous Solution,” Journal of Polymer Science (B), Vol. 32, 1994, pp. 961-968. doi:10.1002/polb.1994.090320519
[7]	H. Somashekarappa, N. Selvakumar, V. Subramaniam and R. Somashekar, “Structure-Property Relation in Varieties of Acid Dye Processed Silk Fibers,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 59, 1996, pp. 1677-1683. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960314)59:11<1677::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-L
[8]	K. Okuyama, K. Takanashi, Y. Nakajima, Y. Hasegawa, K. Hirabayashi and N. Nishi, “Analysis of Silk I Structure by X-Ray and Electron Diffraction Method,” Journal of Service Science, Vol. 57, 1988, pp. 23-30.
[9]	H. Somashekarappa, V. Annadurai, Sangappa, G. Subramanya and R. Somashekar, “Structure-Property Relation in Varities of Acid Dye Processed Silk Fibers,” Materials Letters, Vol. 53, No. 6, 2002, pp. 415-420. doi:10.1016/S0167-577X(01)00517-1
[10]	H. Somashekarappa, G. S. Nadgir, T. H. Somashekar, J. Prabhu and R. Somashekar, “WAXS Studies on Silk Fibers Treated with Acid (Blue) and Metal Complex (Brown) Dyes,” Polymer, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1998, pp. 209-213. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00220-6
[11]	Sangappa, K. Okuyama and R. Somashekar, “Stain –Tensor Components, Crystallite Shape and Their Effects on Crystalline Structure in Silk I,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 91, 2004, pp. 3045-3058.
[12]	Sangappa, S. S. Mahesh and R. Somashekar, “Crystal Structure of Raw Pure Mysore Silk Fiber Based on (Ala-Gly) 2–Ser–Gly Peptide Sequence Using Linked-Atom-Least-Squares method,” Journal of Bioscience, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2005, pp. 259-268. doi:10.1007/BF02703707
[13]	H. Takeshita, K. Ishida, Y. Kamiishi, F. Yoshii and T. Kume, “Production of Fine Powder from Silk by Radiation,” Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, Vol. 283, 2000, pp.126-131. doi:10.1002/1439-2054(20001101)283:1<126::AID-MAME126>3.0.CO;2-#
[14]	A. Kojthung, P. Meesilpa, B. Sudatis, L. Treeratanapiboon, R. Udomsangpetch and B. Oonkhanond, “Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Biodegradation of Bombyx Mori Silk Fibroin,” International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, Vol. 62, No. 4, 2008, 487-490. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.12.012
[15]	G. Wang, G. Pan, L. Dow, S. Jiang and Q. Dai, “Proton Beam Modification of Isotactic Polypropylene,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1987, pp. 410-416. doi:10.1016/0168-583X(87)90521-0
[16]	Sangappa, S. Asha, T. Demappa, Ganesh Sanjeev, P. Parameswara and R. Somashekar, “Spectroscopic and Thermal Studies of 8 MeV Electron Beam Irradiated HPMC Films,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, Vol. 267, No. 14, 2009, pp. 2385-2389. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.04.007
[17]	B. E. Warren and B. L. Averbach, “Introduction to the Riveted Method,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, 1950, pp. 595-599. doi:10.1063/1.1699713
[18]	B. E. Warren, “A Generalized Treatment of Cold Work in Powder Patterns,” Acta Crystallographica, Vol. 8, 1955, pp. 483-486. doi:10.1107/S0365110X55001503
[19]	I. H. Hall and R. Somashekar, “The Determination of Crystal Size and Disorder from the X-Ray Diffraction Photograph of Polymer Fiber 2. Modelling Intensity Profiles,” Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 24, 1991 pp. 1051-1059. doi:10.1107/S0021889891007707
[20]	R. Ribarik, T. Ungar, J. Gubicza, “MWP-Fit: A Program for Multiple Whole-Profiles Fitting of Diffraction Peak Profiles by Ab Initio Theoretical Functions,” Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 34, 2001, pp. 669-676. doi:10.1107/S0021889801011451
[21]	N. C. Popa, D. Balzar, “An Analytical Approximation for a Size-Broadened Profile Given by the Lognormal and Gamma Distributions,” Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 35, 1995, pp. 338-346. doi:10.1107/S0021889802004156
[22]	P. Scardi and M. Leoni, “Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of Inorganic Materials in a System,” Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 57, 2001, pp. 604-613. doi:10.1107/S0108767301008881
[23]	D. Balzar, “Report on the Size-Strain Round Robin,” IUCr News Letter, Vol. 228, 2002, pp. 14
[24]	R. Somashekar, H. Somashekarappa, “X-Ray Diffraction-Line BroadeningAnalysis: Paracrystalline Method,” Journal of Applied Crystallographica, Vol. 130, 1997, pp. 147-152. doi:10.1107/S0021889896010023
[25]	M. Uenoyama, S. Shukushima, H. Hayami and S. Nishimoto, SEI Technical Review, 2002, pp. 54
[26]	A. Vasconcelos, G. Freddi and A. Cavaco-Paulo, “Bio Degredible Materials Based on Silk Fibroin and Keratin,” Biomacromolecules, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2008, pp. 1299-1305. doi:10.1021/bm7012789
[27]	M. Srisa-Ard, Y. Baimark and Y. Srisuwan, “Conformation Transition and Thermal Properties Study of Silk Fibroin and Poly(?-Caprolactone) Blend,” Journal of Applied Science, Vol. 8, No. 19, 2008, pp. 3518-3523.