Direct Torque Control Strategy of an Induction-Machine-Based Flywheel Energy Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator

M. Mansour, S. Rachdi, M. N. Mansouri, M. F. Mimouni

Unité de Recherche étude des Systèmes Industriels et énergies Renouvelables – ESIERécole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastir, Avenue Ibn El Jazzar 5019 Monastir, Tunisie.

DOI: 10.4236/epe.2012.44035                

Abstract

The flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs) are suitable for improving the quality of the electric power delivered by the wind generators and for helping these generators to contribute to the ancillary services. Presently, FESSs containing a flux-oriented controlled (FOC) induction machine (IM) are mainly considered for this kind of application. This paper proposes the direct torque control (DTC) for an IM-based FESS associated to a variable speed wind generator (VSWG), and proves through simulation results that it could be a better alternative.

Keywords

VSWG; FESS; IM; DTC; DC Bus Voltage Control; Power Flow

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	G. Cimuca, S. Breban, M. M. Radulescu, C. Saudemont and B. Robyns, “Design and Control Strategies of an Induction-Machine-Based Flywheel Energy Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2010, pp. 526-534. doi:10.1109/TEC.2010.2045925
[2]	F. Hardan, J. A. M. Bleijs, R. Jones and P. Bromley, “Bi-Directional Power Control for Flywheel Energy Storage System with Vector-Controlled Induction Machine Drive,” Proceedings of IEE Conference Publication, Institution of Electrical Engineers, No. 456, 1998, pp. 456-477.
[3]	G. Cimuca, M. M. Radulescu, C. Saudemont and B. Robyns, “DTC vs. FOC of an IM-Based Flywheel Energy Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator,” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of electrical Machine, Converters and Systems, Hammamet, 17-20 April 2005, CD-ROM.
[4]	L. Jerbi, L. Krichen and A. Ouali, “A Fuzzy Logic Supervisor for Active and Reactive Power Control of a Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System Associated to a Flywheel Storage System,” Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 79, No. 6, 2009, pp. 919-925. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2008.12.006
[5]	W. Leonhard, “Feeding the Grid Form Regenerative Sources, the Way to a Sustainable Energy Supply?” EPE Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2002.
[6]	A. R. Prasad and E. Natarajan, “Optimisation of integrated Photovoltaic-Wind Power Generation Systems with Battery Storage,” Energy, Vol. 31, No. 12, 2006, pp. 1943-1954. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.10.032
[7]	R. Hebner, J. Beno and A. Walls, “Flywheel Batteries Come around Again,” IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2002, pp. 46-51. doi:10.1109/6.993788
[8]	R. G. Lawrence, K. L. Craven and G. D. Nichols, “Flywheel UPS,” IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2003, pp. 44-50. doi:10.1109/MIA.2003.1195682
[9]	G. O. Cimuca, C. Saudemont, B. Robyns and M. M. Radulescu, “Control and Performance Evaluation of a Flywheel Energy-Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator,” IEEE Transactions Industrial Electronics, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2006, pp. 1074-1085. doi:10.1109/TIE.2006.878326
[10]	C. Saudemont, B. Robyns, G. Cimuca, M. M. Radulescu, “Grid Connected or Stand-Alone Real-Time Variable Speed Wind Generator Emulator Associated to a Flywheel Energy Storage System,” Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Dresden, 11-14 September 2005. doi:10.1109/EPE.2005.219472
[11]	R. Cardenas, R. Pena, G. Asher and J. Clare, “Control Strategies for Enhanced Power Smoothing in Wind Energy Systems Using a Flywheel Driven by a Vector-Controlled Induction Machine,” IEEE Transactions Industrial Electronics, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2001, pp. 625-635. doi:10.1109/41.925590
[12]	R. Cardenas, R. Pena, G. Asher, J. Clare and R. BlascoGimenez, “Control Strategies for Power Smoothing Using a Flywheel Driven by a Sensorless Vector-Controlled Induction Machine Operating in a Wide Speed Range,” IEEE Transactions Industrial Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 3, 2004, pp. 603-614. doi:10.1109/TIE.2004.825345
[13]	M. Mansour, M. N. Mansouri and M. F. Mimouni, “Performance Evaluation of a Flywheel Energy-Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, Marseilles, France, 1-3 June 2011, pp. 201-211.
[14]	H. Le-Huy, “Comparison of Field-Oriented Control and Direct Torque Control for Induction Motor Drives,” IEEE Industry Applications Society, Conference Record, Vol. 2, 1999, pp. 1245-1252.
[15]	D. Casadei, F. Profumo, G. Serra and A. Tani, “FOC and DTC: Two Viable Schemes for Induction Motors Torque Control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2002, pp. 779-787. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2002.802183
[16]	G. S. Buja and M. P. Kazmierkowski, “Direct Torque Control of PWM Inverter-Fed AC Motors—A Survey”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 4, 2004, pp. 744-757. doi:10.1109/TIE.2004.831717
[17]	Y. Suzuki, A. Koyanagi, M. Kobayashi and R. Shimada, “Novel Applications of the Flywheel Energy Storage System,” Energy, Vol. 30, No. 11-12, 2005, pp. 2128-2143. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.08.018
[18]	B. Robyns, B. Fran?ois, P. Degobert and J.-P. Hautier, “Commande Vectorielle de la Machine Asynchrone— Désensibilisation et Optimisation par la Logique Floue,” Editions Technip, Paris, 2007.
[19]	Danish Wind Industry Association, 2012. http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/powerreg.htm
[20]	S. Hurtado, G. Gostales, A. de Lara, N. Moreno, J. M. Carrasco, E. Galvan, J. A. Sanchez and L. G. Franquelo, “A New Power Stabilization Control System Based on Making Use of Mechanical Inertia of a Variablespeed Wind-Turbine for Stand-Alone Wind-Diesel Applications,” Proceedings of IEEE IECON, Seville, 5-8 November 2002, pp. 3326-3331.
[21]	L. Leclercq, A. Ansel and B. Robyns, “Autonomous High Power Variable Speed Wind Generator System,” Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Toulouse, 2-4 September 2003, CD-ROM.
[22]	I. Takashi and T. Noguchi, “A New Quick-Response and High-Efficiency Control of an Induction Motor,” IEEE Transactions Industry Applications, Vol. IA-22, No. 5, 1986, pp. 820-827. doi:10.1109/TIA.1986.4504799
[23]	M. Depenbrock, “Direct Self Control (DSC) of InverterFed Induction Machines,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1988, pp. 420-429. doi:10.1109/63.17963
[24]	M. Jin, J. Qiu, C. Shi and R. Lin, “A Fuzzy DTC Method with a SVM Defuzzification to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine,” Proceeding of the 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Busan, 2-6 November 2004, pp. 3196-3199.
[25]	M. Vasudevan and R. Arumugam, “New Direct Torque Control Scheme of Induction Motor for Electric Vehicles,” Proceeding of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Grand Hyatt-Melbourne, Vol. 2, 20-23 July 2004, pp. 1377-1383.
[26]	A. Kumar, B. G. Fernandes and K. Chatterjee, “Simplified SVPWMDTC of 3-Phase Induction Motor Using the Concept of Imaginary Switching Times,” Proceeding of the 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Busan, 2-6 November 2004, pp. 341-346.
[27]	U. Senthil and B. G. Fernandes, “Hybrid Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Based Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor Drive,” IEEE 34th Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference, Vol. 3, 2003, pp. 1112- 1117.
[28]	G. Cimuca, S. Breban, M. M. Radulescu, C. Saudemont and B. Robyns, “Design and Control Strategies of an Induction-Machine-Based Flywheel Energy Storage System Associated to a Variable-Speed Wind Generator,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2010, pp. 526-534. doi:10.1109/TEC.2010.2045925