Viscoelastic Response of Graphite Platelet and CTBN Reinforced Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites
Brahmananda Pramanik, P. Raju Mantena
.
DOI: 10.4236/msa.2011.211222   PDF    HTML     5,260 Downloads   8,988 Views   Citations

Abstract

Developing stronger, safer and more cost-effective structural materials for the new generation naval ships is the focus of ongoing research at University of Mississippi. The light-weight nanoparticle reinforced glass/carbon polymeric based composites and structural foams for blast, shock and impact mitigation are emphasized in this research. Derakane 510A-40 brominated vinyl ester nanocomposite resin systems are considered to be used in the composite face sheets of sandwich structures with fire-resistant foam core to reduce flammability along with optimal flexural rigidity, vibrational damping and enhanced energy absorption. In this work, the viscoelastic performance of 1.25 and 2.5 weight percent exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP) added with 10 weight percent Carboxy Terminated Butadiene Nitrile (CTBN) reinforced brominated vinyl ester nanocomposites are studied. A Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) - TA Instruments Model Q800 was used to obtain the viscoelastic properties, modulus (stiffness), creep/stress relaxation, and damping (energy dissipation), of the exfoliated graphite platelet and CTBN reinforced brominated vinyl ester. Effects of frequency (time) on the viscoelastic behavior were investigated by sweeping the frequency over three decades: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 Hz, temperature range from 30°C to 15°C at 4°C per minute step rate. Master curves were generated by time-temperature superpositioning (TTS) of the experimental data at 50°C reference temperature. Addition of CTBN in xGnP reinforced brominated vinyl ester composites resulted in greater intrinsic material damping, indicating the possibility of higher energy absorption with the new configuration.

Share and Cite:

B. Pramanik and P. Mantena, "Viscoelastic Response of Graphite Platelet and CTBN Reinforced Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites," Materials Sciences and Applications, Vol. 2 No. 11, 2011, pp. 1667-1674. doi: 10.4236/msa.2011.211222.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] M. L. Auad, P. M. Frontini, J. Borrajo and M. I. Aranguren, “Liquid Rubber Modified Vinyl Ester Resins: Fracture and Mechanical Behavior,” Polymer, Vol. 42, No. 8, 2001, pp. 3723-3730. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00773-4
[2] S. Balakrishnan, P. R. Start, D. Raghavan and S. D. Hudson, “The Influence of Clay and Elastomer Concentration on the Morphology and Fracture Energy of Preformed Acrylic Rubber Dispersed Clay Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites,” Polymer, Vol. 46, No. 25, 2005, pp. 11255- 11262. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.053
[3] J. Fr?hlich, R. Thomann and R. Mülhaupt, “Toughened Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites Containing Both an Organophilic Layered Silicate Filler and a Compatibilized Liquid Rubber,” Macromolecules, Vol. 36, No. 19, 2003, pp. 7205-7211. doi:10.1021/ma035004d
[4] J. L. Yang, Z. Zhang, A. K. Schlarb and K. Friedrich, “On the Characterization of Tensile Creep Resistance of Polyamide 66 Nanocomposites. Part II: Modeling and Prediction of Long-term Performance,” Polymer, Vol. 47, No. 19, 2006, pp. 6745-6758. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.060
[5] A. Pegoretti, J. Kolarik, C. Peroni and C. Migliaresi, “Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Morphology and Tensile Mechanical Properties,” Polymer, Vol. 45, No. 8, 2001, pp. 2751-2759. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.02.015
[6] G. Galgali, C. Ramesh and A. Lele, “A Rheological Study on the Kinetics of Hybrid Formation in Polypropylene Nanocomposites,” Macromolecules, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2001, pp. 852-858. doi:10.1021/ma000565f
[7] A. Ranade, K. Nayak, D. Fairbrother and N. A. D’Souza, “Maleated and Non-maleated Polyethylene Montmorillonite Layered Silicate Blown Films: Creep, Dispersion and Crystallinity,” Polymer, Vol. 46, No. 18, 2005, pp. 7323- 7333. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.085
[8] J. Perez, V. A. Alvarez and A. Vasquez, “Creep Behavior of Layered Silicate/Starch Polycaprolacton Blends Nano- composites,” Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing, Vol. 480, No. 1-2, 2008, pp. 259-265.
[9] B. S. Chiou, E. Yee, G. Glenn and W. Orts, “Rheology of Starch—Clay Nanocomposites,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2005, pp. 467-475. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.11.001
[10] ASTM Standard D-4065-01, “Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedure,” ASTM International, 2000.
[11] TA Instruments, “Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, Q SeriesTM, Getting Started Guide,” Revision F, New Castle, 2004. http://www.adhesivesmag.com
[12] J. D. Ferry, “Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1980.
[13] A. Almagableh, P. R., Mantena and A. Alostaz, “Creep and Stress Relaxation Modeling of Nanoclay and Graphite Platelet Reinforced Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 115, No. 3, 2009, pp. 1635-1642. doi:10.1002/app.31152

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.