Oral Health and Masticatory Performance in Adults Submitted to Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study

Paula Valeska Tavares¹, Aline Coelho¹, Micheline Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos², Criseuda Maria Benício Barros³, R. M. M. M. S. M. Coury³, Armiliana Soares Nascimento⁴, Maria da Conceição de Barros Correia⁵, Luciana de Barros Correia Fontes^5*

¹Fundacao de Ensino Superior de Olinda (Funeso Unesf), Olinda, Brazil.
²Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (Imip), Recife, Brazil.
³Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Brazil.
⁴Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, Brazil.
⁵Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2015.53013                

Abstract

Background: Obesity has reached epidemic patterns and constitutes a serious public health problem due to comorbidities and the impact on life quality of affected individuals. Bariatric surgery appears as one of the most recommended treatments; however much has been known about the effects of this intervention on the functional performance of the organism as a whole. Objective: To characterize the oral health of adults submitted to bariatric surgery, before and after the intervention, with emphasis on the performance of masticatory function. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study conducted in a public reference service to the treatment of obesity in the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco. The data were obtained during the first half of 2011, through interview, intraoral physical examination and evaluation of masticatory function. Statistical treatment adopted was a CI of 95% and the chi-square test. The collection was conducted in three stages, with initial assessment in the preoperative and follow-up at 60 and 180 days. Results: The sample consisted of 20 volunteers, aged between 23 and 58 years and mean BMI of 43.2 ± 2.8. When compared the pre-operative to the control periods, there were significant differences for variables with decreased tendency towards spontaneous gingival bleeding and increased tooth hypersensitivity and tooth mobility (p < 0.05). Regarding the masticatory function, we found significant differences for most of the variables investigated, except in the coordination of movements and breathing during this function. Conclusion: The performance of masticatory function shows differences in pre- and postoperative periods for bariatric surgery.

Keywords

Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, Oral Health

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Organizacao Mundial de Saúde (2006) Obesity and Overweight. Report of the WHO Consulation on Obesity. WHO, Geneva.
[2]	Khawali, C., Ferraz, M.B., Zanella, M.T. and Ferreira, S.R.G. (2012) Evaluation of Quality of Life in Severely Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery Carried out in the Public Healthcare System. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 56, 33-38.
[3]	Sturm, R. and An, R. (2014) Obesity and Economic Environments. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 64, 337-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21237
[4]	Pataky, Z., Carrard, I. and Golay, A. (2011) Psychological Factors and Weight Loss in Bariatric Surgery. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 27, 167-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283422482
[5]	Scholtz, S., Miras, A.D., Chhina, N., Prechtl, C.G., Sleeth, M.L., Daud, N.M., et al. (2014) Obese Patients after Gastric Bypass Surgery Have Lower Brain-Hedonic Responses to Food than after Gastric Banding. Gut, 63, 891-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305008
[6]	Sato, N. and Yoshiike, N. (2011) Dietary Patterns Affect Occlusal Force but Not Masticatory Behavior in Children. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 57, 258-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.57.258
[7]	Shikora, S.A., Kim, J.J. and Tarnoff, M.E. (2007) Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Complications of Bariatric Surgery. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 22, 29-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011542650702200129
[8]	Godlewski, A.E., Veyrune, J.L., Nicolas, E., Ciangura, C.A., Chaussain, C.C., Czernichow, S., et al. (2011) Effect of Dental Status on Changes in Mastication in Patients with Obesity Following Bariatric Surgery. PLoS One, 6, e22324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022324
[9]	Genaro, K.F., Berretin-Felix, G., Rehder M.I.B.C. and Marchesan, I.Q. (2009) Avaliacao Miofuncional Orofacial-Protocolo MBGR. Revista CEFAC, 11, 237-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462009000200009
[10]	Whitaker, M.A., Trindade Júnior, A.S. and Genaro, K.S. (2009) Proposta de protocolo de avaliacao clínica da funcao mastigatória. Revista CEFAC, 11, 311-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462009005000030
[11]	World Health Organization (1997) Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods. WHO, Geneva.
[12]	Baceviciene, M., Reklaitiene, R. and Tamosiunas, A. (2009) Effect of Excess Body Weight on Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Body Image among Middle-Aged Lithuanian Inhabitants of Kaunas City. Medicina, 45, 565-573.
[13]	Marcelino, L.F. and Patrício, Z.M. (2011) A complexidade da obesidade e o processo de viver após a cirurgia bariátrica: Uma questao de saúde coletiva. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 16, 4767-4776.
[14]	Heling, I., Sgan-Cohen, H.D., Itzhaki, M., Beglaibter, N., Avrustis, O. and Gimmon, Z. (2006) Dental Complications Following Gastric Restrictive Bariatric Surgery. Obesity Surgery, 16, 1131-1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1381/096089206778392211
[15]	Hague, A.L. and Baechle, M. (2008) Advanced Caries in a Patient with a History of Bariatric Surgery. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 82, 22.
[16]	Marsicano, J.A., Sales-Peres, A., Ceneviva, R. and Sales-Peres, S.H. (2012) Evaluation of Oral Health Status and Salivary Flow Rate in Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery. European Journal of Dentistry, 6, 191-197.
[17]	Alm, A., Isaksson, J., Fahraeus, C., Koch, G., Andersson-Gare, B., Nilsson, M., et al. (2011) BMI Status in Swedish Children and Young Adults in Relation to Caries Prevalence. Swedish Dental Journal, 35, 1-8.
[18]	Bailleul-Forestier, I., Lopes, K., Souames, M., Azoguy-Levys, S., Frelut, M.L. and Boy-Lefevre, M.L. (2007) Caries Experience in a Severely Obese Adolescent Population. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 17, 358-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00848.x
[19]	Agrawal, V., Krause, K.R., Chengelis, D.L., Zalesin, K.C., Rocher, L.L. and McCullough, P.A. (2009) Relation between Degree of Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery and Reduction in Albuminuria and C-Reactive Protein. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 5, 20-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2008.07.011
[20]	Nascimento, G.G., Leite, F.R., Correa, M.B., Horta, B.L., Peres, M.A. and Demarco, F.F. (2014) Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Obesity: The Role of Life-Course Events. Brazilian Dental Journal, 25, 87-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300019
[21]	Tucker, O.N., Szomstein, S. and Rosenthal, R.J. (2007) Nutritional Consequences of Weight-Loss Surgery. Medical Clinics of North America, 91, 499-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2007.01.006
[22]	Moravec, L.J. and Boyd, L.D. (2011) Bariatric Surgery and Implication for Oral Health: A Case Report. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 85, 166-176.
[23]	Ostberg, A.L., Bengtsson, C., Lissner, L. and Hakeberg, M. (2012) Oral Health and Obesity Indicators. BMC Oral Health, 12, 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-12-50
[24]	Sánchez-Ayala, A., Campanha, N.H. and Garcia, R.C. (2013) Relationship between Body Fat and Masticatory Function. Journal of Prosthodontics, 22, 120-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2012.00937.x