[1]
|
World Health Organization. (1997) Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. A report on a WHO consultation on obesity. World Health Organization, Geneva, 894, 16-34.
|
[2]
|
Ebbeling, C.B., Pawlack, D.B. and Ludwig, D.S. (2002) Childhood obesity: Public health crisis, public health cure. Lancet, 360, 473-482.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2
|
[3]
|
Lobstein, T., Baur, L. and Uauy, R. (2004) Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obesity Reviews, 5, 4-85.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2004.00133.x
|
[4]
|
De Onis, M. and Blossner, M. (2000) Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72, 1032-1039.
|
[5]
|
Martorell, R., Khan, L.K., Hughes, M.L. and Grummer-Strawn, L.M. (2000) Overweight and obesity in preschool children from developing countries. International Journal of Obesity, 24, 959-967.
doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801264
|
[6]
|
Gewa, C.A. (2009) Childhood overweight and obesity among Kenyan pre-school children: Association with maternal and early child nutritional factors. Public Health Nutrition, 10, 1-8.
|
[7]
|
Government of Kenya. (2010) Kenya Health and Demographic Survey, 2008-2009. Government Printer, Nairobi, 143.
|
[8]
|
Government of Kenya. (2004) Kenya Health and Demographic Survey, 2003. Government Printer, Nairobi, 165.
|
[9]
|
Li, Y., Zhai, F., Yang, X., Schouten, E.G., Hu, X., He, Y., Luan, D. and Ma, G. Determinants of childhood overweight and obesity in China. British Journal of Nutrition, 97, 210-215. doi:10.1017/S0007114507280559
|
[10]
|
Gibson, R.S. (2005) Principles of Nutritional Assessments. 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
|
[11]
|
WHO (2007).
http://www.who.int/growthref/growthrefwhobull/en/index.html
|
[12]
|
Abdulkadir, A.E., Sohani, S.A. and Agoi, F. (2009) The dilemma of overand under-nutrition coexistence among Western Kenya children. AJFAND, 9, 4.
|
[13]
|
Semproli, S. and Gualdi-Russo, E. (2007) Childhood malnutrition and growth in a rural area of Western Kenya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 132, 46.
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20470
|
[14]
|
Adamo, K.B., Sheel, A.W., Onywera, V., Waudo, J., Boit, M. and Tremblay, M.S. (2010) Child obesity and fitness levels among Kenyan and Canadian children from urban and rural environments: A KIDS-CAN research alliance study. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6, e225-e232.
|
[15]
|
Jebb, S.A., Rennie, K.L. and Cole, T.J. (2003) Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in Great Britain. Public Health Nutrition, 7, 461-465.
|
[16]
|
Malecka-Tendera, E., Klimek, K., Matusik, P., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M., Lehingue, Y. and On Behalf of the Polish Childhood Obesity Study Group. (2005) Obesity and overweight prevalence in polish 7to 9-year-old children. Obesity Research, 13, 964-968.
doi:10.1038/oby.2005.112
|
[17]
|
Georgiadis, G. and Nassis, G.P. (2007) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a national representative sample of Greek children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61, 1072-1074.
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602619
|
[18]
|
Waters, E., Ashbolt, R., Gibbs, L., Booth, M., Magarey, A., Gold, L. Kai Lo, S., Gibbons, K., Green, J., O’connor, T., Garrard, J. and Swinburn, B. (2008) Double disadvantage: The influence of ethnicity over socioeconomic position on childhood overweight and obesity: Findings from an inner urban population of primary school children. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 3, 196204. doi:10.1080/17477160802141846
|
[19]
|
Veugelers, P.J. and Fitzgerald, A.L. (2005) Prevalence of and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173, 607-613.
doi:10.1503/cmaj.050445
|
[20]
|
Maddah, M. and Nikooyeh, B. (2010) Obesity among iranian adolescent girls: Location of residence and parental obesity. Journal of Health and Population Nutrition, 28, 61-66. doi:10.3329/jhpn.v28i1.4524
|
[21]
|
Monyeki, K.D, Van Lenthe, F.J. and Steyn, N.P. (1999) Obesity: Does it occur in African Children in a rural community in South Africa? International Journal of Epidemiology, 28, 287-292. doi:10.1093/ije/28.2.287
|
[22]
|
Ben-Bassey, U.P., Oduwole, A.O. and Ogundipe, O.O. (2007) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos, Nigeria. Obesity Reviews, 8, 475-479.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00408.x
|
[23]
|
Prista, A., Maia, J.A.R., Damasceno, A. and Beunen, G. (2003) Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: Implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, 952-959.
|
[24]
|
Li, M., Dibley, M.J., Sibbritt, D. and Yan, H. (2006) An assessment of adolescent overweight and obesity in Xi’an City, China. International Journal of Paediatric Obesity, 1, 50-80. doi:10.1080/17477160500538046
|
[25]
|
Kelishadi, R., Pour, M.H., Sarraf-Zadegan, N., Sadry, G.H., Ansari, R., Alikhassy, H. and Bashardoust, N. (2003) Obesity and associated modifiable environmental factors in Iranian adolescents: Isfahan healthy heart programheart health promotion from childhood. Pediatrics International, 45, 435-442.
doi:10.1046/j.1442-200X.2003.01738.x
|
[26]
|
Jinabhai, C.C., Taylor, M. and Sullivan, K.R. (2003) Implications of the prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity amongst South African primary school children: A possible nutritional transition? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57, 358-365.
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601534
|
[27]
|
Kruger, R., Kruger, H.S. and MacIntyre, U.E. (2006) The determinants of overweight and obesity among 10to 15-year-old schoolchildren in the North West Province, South Africa—the THUSA BANA (Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans; BANA, children) study. Public Health Nutrition, 9, 351-358.
doi:10.1079/PHN2006849
|
[28]
|
Ng, S.W., Zaghloul, S., Ali, H.I., Harrison, G. and Popkin, B.M. (2011) The prevalence and trends of overweight, obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in the Arabian Gulf States. Obesity Reviews, 12, 1-13.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00750.x
|
[29]
|
Erem, C., Arslan, C., Hacihasanoglu, A., Deger, O., Topbas, M., Ukinc, K., Ersoz, H.O. and Telatar, M. (2004) Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in a Turkish population (Trabzon City, Turkey). Obesity Research, 12, 1117-1127. doi:10.1038/oby.2004.140
|
[30]
|
Steyn, N.P., Nel, J.H., Parker, W., Ayah, R. and Mbithe, D. (2011) Dietary, social, and environmental determinants of obesity in Kenyan women. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39, 88-97. doi:10.1177/1403494810384426
|
[31]
|
Do Carmo, I., Dos Santos, O., Camolas, J., Vieira, J., Carreira, M., Medina, L., Reis, L., Myatt, J. and Galvao-Teles, A. (2008) Overweight and obesity in Portugal: National prevalence in 2003-2005. Obesity Reviews, 9, 11-19.
|
[32]
|
Mendez, M.A., Monteiro, C.A. and Popkin, B.M. (2005) Overweight exceeds underweight among women in most developing countries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81, 714-721.
|
[33]
|
Faeh, D., Braun, J. and Bopp, M. (2011) Prevalence of obesity in Switzerland 1992-2007: The impact of education, income and occupational class. Obesity Reviews, 12, 1-16.
|
[34]
|
Monteiro, C.A., Moura, E.C., Conde, W.L. and Popkin, B.M. (2004) Socio-economic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: A review. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 82, 940-946.
|
[35]
|
Kaneria, Y., Singh, P. and Sharma, D.C. (2006) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in relation to socio-economic conditions in two different groups of school-age children of Udaipur City (Rajasthan). Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 7, 133-135.
|
[36]
|
Rashidy-Pour, A., Malek, M., Eskandarian, R. and Ghorbani, R. (2009) Obesity in the Iranian population. Obesity Reviews, 10, 2-6. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00536.x
|
[37]
|
Al-Saeed, W.Y., Al-Dawood, K.M., Bukhari, I.A., and Bahnassy, A. (2006) Prevalence and socioeconomic risk factors of obesity among urban female students in AlKhobar city 2003, Eastern Saudi Arabia. Obesity Reviews, 8, 93-99. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00287.x
|
[38]
|
Pirincci, E., Durmus, B., Gündogdu, C. and Acik, Y. (2010) Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among urban school children in Elazig city, Eastern Turkey, 2007. Annals of Human Biology, JanuaryFebruary, 37, 44-56. doi:10.3109/03014460903218984
|
[39]
|
Padez’, C., Mourao, I., Moreira, P. and Rosado, P. (2005) Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in Portuguese children. Acta Pediatric, 94, 1550-1555.
doi:10.1080/08035250510042924
|