Internalized symptoms in adolescence as predictors of mental health in adulthood in the Northern Swedish cohort

Helen R. Winefield, Anne Hammarström, Karina Nygren, Bruno Hägglöf

Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ume? University, Ume?, Sweden.
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Ume? University, Ume?, Sweden.
School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.

DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.57157                

Abstract

Although mental health symptoms in children and adolescents are shown to predict young adult mental health outcomes, long-term prospective studies of childhood cohorts are few. The aim of the present study was to analyze the prospective importance of internalized mental health symptoms in adolescence for internalized symptoms in adulthood. Methods: A community-based prospective longitudinal cohort provided information by questionnaire about psychological status at age 16 and 43 (n=1010, representing 94.3% of those still alive). Socio-demographic variables which were indicative of possible childhood adversity (parental class, absence, illness, unemployment, relationship, crowding, number of moves) were treated as confounders and controlled for in ordinal regression. Results: For both women and men, internalizing mental health symptoms reported at 16 significantly predicted the same outcome at 43 years, after controlling for previous adverse environmental conditions (OR =1.2 for women, 1.3 for men). Conclusion: In this representative cohort studied over 27 years with excellent retention rates, the occurrence of self-reported worry, panic and sadness in mid-adolescence significantly increased the likelihood of similar states in middle adulthood.

Keywords

Mental Health; Internalizing Symptoms; Adolescence; Middle Adulthood

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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