A Comparison of Active and Passive Metamaterials from Equivalent Lumped Elements Modes

Ya-Fen Ge, Hui Huang, Yong Liu, Hou-Jun Sun, Xin Lv, Li-Ming Si

1Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 2Microwave Laboratory, Division of Electronics and Information Technology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, P. R. China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.

DOI: 10.4236/opj.2013.32B061                

Abstract

With ever-increasing operating frequencies and complicated artificial structures, loss effects become more and more important in applications of metamaterials. Based on circuit theory and transmission line principle, the design equations for effective electromagnetic (EM) parameters (attenuation constant α, phase constant β, characteristic impedance Z0) of general active and passive metamaterial are compared and derived from the equivalent lumped circuit parameters (R, G, L_L, C_L, L_R, C_R). To verify the design equations, theα, βand Z₀ indifferent cases, including balanced, unbalanced, lossless, passive and active, are shown by numerical simulations. The results show that using the active method can diminish the loss effects. Meantime, it also has influence on phase constant and real part of characteristic impedance.

Keywords

Metamaterials; Equivalent Lumped Circuit elements Modes; Loss Compensation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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