Microdoses Levels of Butadiene Diepoxide (BDO₂) Induced Toxicity in Prostate Cancer Cells

Sowmya Koppula, Mei-Chyi Tan, Angela Hurst, Caroline Telles, Wesley Gray

Department of Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Southern University, Baton Rouge, USA.
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University, Baton Rouge, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.42029                

Abstract

Low-level exposure to environmental pollutants such as BDO₂ contributes directly and indirectly to an increase in PCa. The aim of this study was to define the cellular changes associated with micro-doses of Butadiene Diepoxide (BDO₂) in prostate cancer cells. We observed that micro-doses of BDO₂ resulted in dose- and time-dependent increases in cytotoxicity and increased expression of prostate tumor markers in LNCaP(AR⁺) and DU145(AR^-) cells. There was an increased sensitivity of DU145(AR^-) cells to BDO₂ toxicity which was reversed by transient transfection of AR into theses cell. Exposure of prostate cells to BDO₂ increases cytotoxicity, and apoptosis, which correlates with increases in caspases and Bcl2 protein and mRNA levels. In cell DU145(AR^-) cell transient transfected with a functional AR, the levels of cytotoxicity and caspase activity were decreased in the presence of BDO₂, but BDO₂-induced apoptotic protein expression was unaltered. This study provides evidence that micro-doses of BDO₂ modulate prostate cell toxicity by promoting apoptosis and tumor gene expression.

Keywords

BDO₂; Cytotoxicity; Gene Expression; Prostate; Micro-Dose

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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