The effect of cigarette smoking on flexibility in Japanese

Abstract

To investigate the link between cigarette smoking and flexibility in the Japanese population, we used data of 4234 men and 9169 women, aged 20-79 years, in this cross-sectional investigation study. Flexibility such as sit and reach were measured. In addition, habits of cigarette smoking and exercise were obtained by well-trained medical staff. The effect of cigarette smoking on flexibility was evaluated. A total of 1613 men (38.1%) and 995 women (10.9%) were having habits of cigarette smoking. Flexibility in men was decreased with aging and that in women increased with aging under 60’s. Flexibility in subjects with cigarette smoking was significantly lower than that in subjects without cigarette smoking even after adjusting for age and exercise habits in both sexes. Cigarette smoking might be modifiable factor of flexibility in the Japanese.

Share and Cite:

Oda, K. , Miyatake, N. , Sakano, N. , Saito, T. , Katayama, A. , Nishii, K. and Numata, T. (2012) The effect of cigarette smoking on flexibility in Japanese. Health, 4, 570-573. doi: 10.4236/health.2012.49089.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan (2012) The national nutrition survey in Japan. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/2r98520000020qbb-att/2r98520000021c19.pdf (in Japanese)
[2] Peto, R. (1994) Smoking and death: The past 40 years and the next 40. British Medical Journal, 209, 937-939. doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.937
[3] Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan (2012) Exercise and physical activity reference quantity for health promotion 2006. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2006/07/dl/s0719-3b.pdf (in Japanese)
[4] Committee to Evaluate Diagnostic Standards for Metabolic Syndrome (2005) Definition and the diagnostic standard for metabolic syndrome—Committee to Evaluate Diagnostic Standards for Metabolic Syndrome. Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi, 94, 794-809. (in Japanese) doi:10.2169/naika.94.794
[5] Miyatake, N., Miyachi, M., Tabata, I. and Numata, T. (2012) Evaluation of anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in elderly Japanese. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 17, 62-68. doi:10.1007/s12199-011-0220-3
[6] Miyatake, N., Numata, T., Nishii, K., Sakano, N., Suzue, T., Hirao, T., Miyachi, M. and Tabata, I. (2011) Realtion between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 16, 185-190. doi:10.1007/s12199-010-0178-6
[7] Conway, T. L. (1989) Behavioral, psychological, and demographic predictors of physical fitness. Psychological Reports, 65, 1123-1135. doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3f.1123
[8] Boyce, R. W., Perko, M. A., Jones, G. R., Hiatt, A. H. and Boone, E. L. (2006) Physical fitness, absenteeism and workers’ compensation in smoking and non-smoking police officers. Occupational Medicine (Lond), 56, 353-356. doi:10.1093/occmed/kql057
[9] Ricci, N. A., Francisco, C. O., Rebelatto, M. N. and Rebelatto, J. R. (2011) Influence of history of smoking on the physical capacity of older people. Archieves of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 52, 79-83. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.02.004
[10] Yamamoto, K., Kawano, H., Gando, Y., Iemitsu, M., Murakami, H., Sanada, K., Tanimoto, M., Ohmori, Y., Higuchi, M., Tabata, I. and Miyachi, M. (2009) Poor trunk flexibility is associated with arterial stiffening. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 297, H1314-H1318. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00061.2009
[11] Szulc, P., Duboeuf, F., Marchand, F. and Delmas, P. D. (2004) Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendiclar skeletal muscle mass in men: The MINOS study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 496-503.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.