Correlation between Sex Stages and Leaf Numbers in Arisaema tosaense Makino (Araceae)

Yuko Muramatsu, Kanako Matsuyama, Hiroshi Hayakawa, Yukio Minamiya, Katsura Ito, Ryo Arakawa, Tatsuya Fukuda

.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.31012                

Abstract

Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile stages

Keywords

Araceae; Arisaema tosaense; Fertile Phases; Leaf Number; Morphology

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	E. D. McArthur, “Environmentally Induced Changes of Sex Expression in Atriplex canescens,” Heredity, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1977, pp. 97-103. doi:10.1038/hdy.1977.10
[2]	R. R. Warner, D. R. Robertson and E. G. Leigh, “Sex Change and Sexual Selection,” Science, Vol. 190, No. 4215, 1975, pp. 633-638. doi:10.1126/science.1188360
[3]	E. L. Charnov, R. L. Los-den Hartogh, W. T. Jones and J. Van den Assem, “Sex Ratio Evolution in a Variable Environment,” Nature, Vol. 289, 1981, pp. 27-33. doi:10.1038/289027a0
[4]	S. Nanami, H. Kawaguchi, T Yamakura, “Sex Change towards Female in dying Acer rufinerve Trees,” Annals of Botany, Vol. 93, No. 3, 2004, pp. 733-740. doi:10.1093/aob/mch093
[5]	K. Kikuzawa, “Sex of Plants,” In; K. Kikuzawa, Ed., Reproductive Ecology in Plants, Soju Shobo, Tokyo, 1995, pp. 69-130.
[6]	J. Murata, “The Picture Book of Plant Systematics in Color Arisaema in Japan,” Hokurikukan, Tokyo, 2011.
[7]	H. Ohashi, “Araceae,” In: Y. Satake, J. Ohwi, S. Kitamura, S. Watari and T. Tominari, Eds., Wild Flowers of Japan I, Heibonsha, Tokyo, 1981, pp. 111-122.
[8]	P. Bierzychudek, “Determinations of Gender in Jack-in-the-Pulpit: The Influence of Plant Size and Reproductive History,” Oecologia, Vol. 65, No. 1, 1984, pp. 14-18. doi:10.1007/BF00384456
[9]	H. Takasu, “Life History Studies on Arisaema (Araceae) I. Growth and Reproductive Biology of Arisaema urashima Hara,” Plant Species Biolology, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, 1987, pp. 29-56. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.1987.tb00031.x
[10]	H. Takasu, “Life History Studies on Arisaema angustatum Franchet et Savatier,” In: S. Kawano, Ed., Kyoikusha, Tokyo, 1988, pp. 54-79.