Tourism Marketing : Measuring Tourist Satisfaction

The research was aimed at identifying and validating determinants of tourist satisfaction. The study area was the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Pastaza, Tungurahua, defined in Zone 3 of Ecuador, which transcended their geostrategic commercial position in the center of the country. In this context, the main objective of the study was to measure tourist satisfaction and to evaluate its determinants defined in variables such as product, price, distribution and tourist service as secondary axes of scope and transversal design. The sample synthesized an unknown sampling frame of 610 random tourists, representative sample where a semi-structured personal survey of 34 questions was applied considering 46 moderate variables and 9 classification variables. The statistical techniques used correspond to the partial least squares (PLS) method to give consistency to four items of product, two of the price, three of the distribution, one of the promotion and finally five of the service that allowed. All this was validated with the internal consistency of the model through composite relativity (CR), and Cron Bach's alpha, convergent validity was analyzed using the mean variance extracted (AVE), the structural model was examined through the coefficient Of determination (R2) and the Path (β) values, determined that this relationship is positive and consistent between variables of infrastructure, attention, cleanliness of the establishment and availability of parking; food and fun; ease of finding places and availability of service information; gastronomic and cultural tourism, positive tourism experience, successful choice of destination, fulfilled expectations, repetition of the trip and recommendation of destination.


Introduction
Tourism as an industry has grown significantly in recent times and has allowed for short-term voluntary movements of people (tourists and visitors) outside their home; this has generated sources of employment, and has allowed foreign exchange to help development and welfare for the country receiving tourism [1] [2] [3].The cities aim to make investments to generate actions that promote culture, infrastructure, government policy, technology and research and professionalization aimed at achieving the development of this activity [4] [5] to generate value and promote the satisfaction of visitors and the development of destinations.
People who visit a tourist destination expect their stay to be unique and enjoyable, therefore, it is of great importance to study the tourist market, as a growing economic activity and necessary to explore the needs of visitors and their degree of satisfaction [6], from the quality of the destinations that make the difference and capture the fidelity of the visitors; under this premise, [7] propose to measure the satisfaction of the tourists through the service, perceived quality and expectation.
The image of the destination and the perception of the image of the visitors is constituted in the brand value of a destination, and becomes an axis of development, in the economic and marketing part, the latter generates a value in the minds of the Tourists, translated in the interest for the tourist demand that have led to conduct several studies that have led to the development of behavioral models [8] [9] [10], of the tourist and the selection of the place that visits, landing in factors of study as: needs, motivation, perception, attitude, personality, image.Social factors: lifestyle, family life cycle, family, social class; situational factors: opinions, physical and social environment, time, mood.Psychological factors: prestige, escape; physical factors: rest, fitness, health treatment; demographic factors: age, income, education, marital status, beliefs, [11] managing to define different segments: a) tourists interested in leisure, holidays and culture; b) interested in the environment and nature; c) tourists interested in the value of money.
Therefore, the satisfaction of the trip is essential in the success of a tourist business and the comparison between the expectation and the experience must be constantly checked during the evaluation of the visitor to the destination with respect to the quality of the service perceived in the trip.In many cases, tourism satisfaction and perceived quality have much in common, since the quality of the service is evaluated by visitors according to factors such as comfort, friendliness, security, cleanliness, accommodation, transportation and infrastructure [12] in three periods in the tourism sector: 1) impact; 2) regression; 3) recovery [13]- [19].
This article shows the value of the research, which is linked to the purpose of the study, which seeks to analyze the determinants of tourist satisfaction in zone three of Ecuador, which includes the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Pastaza and Tungurahua, where the question of research was designed from a her-meneutical-historical research perspective.What are the most significant determinants of the market tourism that are related to tourist satisfaction?This allowed to define seven theoretical constructions: tourist product, tourist price, tourist distribution, tourist promotion, tourist services, tourist profile and tourist satisfaction.
With the exposition of the factors we defined the starting hypotheses to provide direction and direction to the research, this allowed to articulate aspects of reality through the generation of scenarios hypothetical where the network of relationships around each category and descriptive arguments aimed at the reconstruction of relevant aspects of tourist satisfaction.

Hypothesis of departure
The service includes the emotions of tourists because their great majority is based on experiences and satisfaction [20].The services offered to satisfy the needs of the tourist are related by the infrastructure, attention, cleanliness of the establishment, availability of parking lots is constituted in positive elements that strengthen the tourist efficiency of the destination, and promote an experience that allows the decision of return [15] [21] [22].The service rendering process gives rise to key assessments in tourist satisfaction because loyal customers play an important current and future value that benefits the company and its competitiveness [23].To observe in the model of structural equations SERVQUAL analyzed by [24], which focuses on determining that service quality is an antecedent of consumer satisfaction.On the basis of these precepts the hypothesis is posed: H1: Tourist services in destinations have a positive influence on tourist satisfaction.
The perception of tourists in the provision of payment for food services and entertainment activities for [25] should be moderate, considering that the price of food and beverages reflects the quality of products, services and food dishes presented at the destination, this makes the characteristics of a destination differentiate with another, and can define a relation quality/price, [26].Therefore, leisure activities are defined by tourists as the development of a pleasant activity of quality as part of their motivating experiences and their price relationship linked to the planned cost margin, in the value of the service and the experience, which has been perceived in the destination as part of their satisfaction, [27].In this sense, the second hypothesis arises: H2: The price of the touristic product is an element that determines the Satisfaction of the Tourist.
Access to services and tourist sites, are requirements that visitors value when planning their trip, that is, information allows tourists to have knowledge of safe activities and sites that can be visited [28].Therefore, when the tourist plans his trip with truthful and timely information, he is ready to approach the destination to learn about entertainment, leisure activities, restaurants and hotels [29].
Thus, tourism services and places are considered as productive chains within the tourism sector, encompassing hotels, travel agencies, means of transport, res-taurants, with the intention of satisfying the needs that tourists demand during their stay at the destination [30].On the basis of these considerations the third hypothesis is raised: H3: The perception of logistics at the destination is directly associated with the tourist satisfaction.
The promotion as a strategic element of communication allows highlighting the tourist potential of a territory, through various campaigns in conventional and non-conventional media, revealing the natural attractions that under the perception of visitors constitute guarantees of quality and image of brand [31], translated into benefits and led to the satisfaction of the visitor under the premise of investment of specific assets that the tourist perceives in the destination [32].
Therefore, boosting the attractions and tourism activities of the destination according to the types of tourism generates comparative and competitive advantages that promotes market opportunities and impels the tourist to generate unique experiences that are constituted; in covered needs considering different tastes and preferences or activities that can develop such as: adventure tourism, cultural tourism, gastronomic tourism, health tourism [15] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37].Underlying these premises, the fourth hypothesis arises: H4: Touristic promotion of a destination positively influences Tourist Satisfaction.
Tourism trends, considering elements that generate value in travel and tourist satisfaction include the choice of place to visit, expectations, consumption expe- riences, recommendation and repetition of the trip.Therefore, the destination, its characteristics and the factors that drive the demand become the determinants of choice, giving rise to the comparison between tourist destinations that will ultimately determine tourist satisfaction or dissatisfaction [38].
The perceptions of the tourist are valued in relation to expectations, in this sense, the quality of services is evaluated periodically to examine their satisfaction in the destination [18].That is, tourists with the experiences generated from visits generate higher expectations that may interfere with their satisfaction [39].
Therefore, the perceived quality can generate direct effects on the positive experience in the tourist [40] since the more positive experiences developed in the destination, the tourist tends to stay longer in relation to another destination [21].Therefore, the image and the value of the destination stimulate the satisfaction of the tourists and their loyalty, which is triggered in the recommendation of the destination according to the expectations of the visitor [34] [41] [42].According to these considerations, the fifth hypothesis is posed: H5: The value that the tourist gives to the trip is intensely related to general satisfaction.
Tourists are heterogeneous in their perception of destiny, by their characteristics and attributes, as well as by the income and occupation which interferes with their behavior [43].Characteristics such as the economic income intrinsically linked to the occupation generate the type of vacation that the tourist wishes to experience during their stay, which are linked to having new experiences [44].
Thus, the economic aspect is a resource that allows determining the estimated time and necessary expenses that can be realized in the purchase of tourism products or services at the destination [45].In this sense, the sixth hypothesis is proposed: H6: The characteristics and attributes of tourists are strongly associated with their destination satisfaction.

Methodology
This research promotes the measurement of tourist satisfaction [46].In the first stage, a systematic process of information search was carried out in databases of scientific relevance research, proquest, scielo, science direct, scopus, springer, gale cengage learning.Tourism-oriented publications and tourist satisfaction were selected and a list of terms and keywords used by the authors on a recurrent basis (common to most and frequently mentioned by all) was identified.This technique addressed the first units or conceptual ideas that were designed in the software Atlas, with qualitative analysis capabilities.

Content Validity
With the basis of qualitative order, items were formulated that allowed to explore the measurement of tourist satisfaction, under three proposals [47].An open informal interview (qualitative validation instrument) was developed to obtain the criteria of judges, experts and part of the tourist population, to strengthen the meta-analysis constructed with the systematic information of scientific publications.For the selection of judges and experts the following equation was determined: where in n = 10; 10 judges and 10 tourism experts were interviewed; to have an approach to the tourist population is based on data released by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), which registers 1,133 million tourists who traveled to Ecuador in 2013 and in 2014 and there is an increase of 4.3%, obtaining 1181 million tourists who visited Ecuador, contrasted with data from the Ministry of Tourism where it is pointed out that 14.79% of visits are destined for Tungurahua Province, that is, 174,669 tourists visited this province in 2014.With the analysis of Data, was projected to 2015 with a growth rate of 1.54% and it was determined that 177,358 tourists who would visit the Province, a reference that allowed to apply the instrument of qualitative order to tourists and its calculation was made through of the equation: that allowed quantifying and synthesizing the relevance of the factors proposed to define the elements of Study of the satisfaction of the tourist managing to generate the pertinence and validity of content with the theoretical evidence, the criterion of judges, experts and the tourist population that visits the destination.

Operationalization of the Variable
The transition of the variable to the item [48] allowed the development of indicators and items for each variable that was intended to be measured, using a proposed model based on meta-analysis, interviews with judges, experts, population, and the theoretical perspective that allowed the modification, inclusion and improvement of the dimensions, variables, indicators and the writing of the items, landing in the conceptual and operational operationalization, which gave way to the first draft of the documentary instrument (survey), with a total of one hundred and three items grouped into six dimensions (profile, product, price, distribution, promotion, and the tourist satisfaction study variable).
Once the six dimensions were defined, the sample size was calculated for the estimation of frequencies with an unknown sampling frame, since there was no record or database of tourists visiting zone 3, considering Formula ( ) where alpha (α) = 5% was assigned; Confidence level 1 − 0.050/2 = 0.975; Z of (1 − α/2) = 1.960;Prevalence (p) = 0.50; Complement of p (q) = 0.50; Precision (d) = 4%, obtaining n = 610 tourists to survey in Zone 3 (Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, Pastaza).For the application of the instrument was considered the most visited places by tourists; a competitive advantage matrix was developed, based on eight criteria: 1) number of tourists visiting each province and canton; 2) number of tourist attractions; 3) accommodation services; 4) food and beverage services; 5) intermediation services, tourist services agency and event organizers, congresses; 6) operating services when travel agencies provide their own transportation considered as part of the agency; 7) spa services, bowling alleys, skating rinks, racecourse and recreation centers; 8) tourist transport.Under these circumstances, the pilot test was carried out on 61 tourists (10% of the total sample), in the cantons of the province according to the highest scores of the competitive advantage matrix, whose destinations were favorable to compile the information of each province, as shown in Table 1.
The development of the survey was determined by a structured questionnaire that was applied personally to tourists [49] or units of analysis [50].The construction of the instrument had nuances of improvement, grouping and discrimination of items.In the first stage of construction, the instrument consisted of 103 items, in a second stage under an exhaustive review items were unified and excluded, contracting to 58 items.Finally, a third stage under a review and discriminant analysis of items for the value and utility of information that was given according to the conceptual composition and operational scope resulted in 44 items for the pilot survey that was applied to 61 tourists [51].This allowed for a quantitative analysis, and evidence was found that made it difficult to understand some items and their way of measuring tourist satisfaction.
Table 2 shows the first phase of construction of the instrument.A total of 103 items were grouped into ten dimensions: tourist profile, product, price, distribution, promotion, tourist services, tourism, management, competitiveness and tourist satisfaction.
Table 3 shows the second phase, several items were unified by the similarity of scales, including items by their degree of importance; these changes were performed for the first pilot test for 61 tourists, with 55 items, to verify the comprehension and importance of measuring the latent variable "tourist satisfaction".
Table 4 shows that, when the first pilot test was applied, the third phase comprised changes in dimension in the items according to the theoretical basis investigated, and unified items that tourists considered repeated.Based on the results it was considered pertinent to complement alternatives and to disaggregate those with little acceptance among tourists to finally get to consider 44 items in the instrument.
Table 5 represents the fourth phase, in which the instrument was grouped into 6 dimensions: tourism, management, competitiveness and services complementary parts of the touristic product dimension, touristic price, touristic distribution, touristic promotion, touristic services and tourist profile.In this sense, several items were unified by their affinity and semantic writing, with the changes made, a 34-item instrument was obtained that was carried out in the two pilot tests and applied to 61 tourists, with intervals of one month, finally survey 610 tourists in the places with the highest score expressed according to the matrix of competitive advantage defined for the tourist destinations of Zone 3.

Validation of the Measuring Instrument
The validation process of the instrument was divided into two phases, qualitative and quantitative [49].The first phase was obtained through valid processes such    as: meta-analysis, interviews with judges, experts, population and theoretical evidence.On the other hand, the second phase of the validity was developed with the determination of the internal validity of the instrument, the construct validity was established through the variance or discriminant capacity and the Pearson correlation with a coefficient of 0.784 [52], this meant construct validity of the instrument.Reliability was focused on defining the reliability of the results reflected in the Cronbach Alpha which reached 0.71 and the reliability of the instrument was found to be acceptable.With the external validity the stability, concordance, criterion and performance of the instrument were evaluated.Stability was determined through the Pearson R coefficient, reaching a result of 1,000; the yield through the Diagnosis Curve or COR Curve reached a result of 0.635 determining the cut of the optimum point to measure sensitivity and specificity of the instrument.

Results
The analysis of results was done using the Least Squares technique in the Smart Plus 3.0 program [53].The reliability of all the items used in the original survey applied to tourists was calculated and then discarded.Those items with reliability less than 0.70, we developed the analysis of the coefficients that prove the validity of the proposed model with those items with loads greater than 0. The analysis of the results under the Partial Least Squares (PLS) proposal was performed through the Smart PLS program [53].Table 6 details the reliability of each of the dimensions calculated with the items of the survey that was applied to 610 tourists located in Zone 3, it is evident that the item "degree of satisfaction" has been excluded from the dimension "tourist services" immersed in the beginning of the investigation, because this indicator has been identified as fundamental for the measurement of the dependent variable "tourist satisfaction", and contributed more reliably in the survey developed with a 0.923.On the contrary, the items with which the tourism product was evaluated contribute a 0.565 reliability, becoming the sensitive dimension of the instrument.
Table 7 shows the reliability of each dimension, calculated from variables whose reliability has been practically verified through surveys, detecting that Touristic Promotion is the strongest dimension with 1.0 of reliability.For this, it has been unwanted items with negative reliability or less than 0.70.
Figure 1 shows the dimensions of the market that allowed to measure satisfaction of the tourist.Touristic promotion is highlighted as the dimension that contributes 1000 in reliability, and becomes the dimension with greater reliability and contributes to the practical model with the type indicator of tourism to promote in the place.On the contrary, the profile of the tourist contributes only the 0.786 of reliability to the model, and becomes the dimension with less contributes to the model: age, monthly income and occupation of the tourist.distribution, promotion, services and tourist profile on tourist satisfaction, correlations greater than 0.707 are shown in each construct of the dimensions, except for the age with a correlation of 0.618.The individual reliability of each indicator is checked, however, it is observed that the items with higher contribution are "food and beverage price" with 0.925 to the tourist price dimension; "type of tourism to promote" with 1000 in the dimension of tourism promotion.

Internal Consistency or Reliability of the Scales
The analysis of calculated values for the composite reliability of the constructs part of the model and determine the influence of the product, price, distribution, promotion, services and the tourist profile in tourist satisfaction (column one of Table 9) To appreciate that all values are higher than 0.70 (column two of Table 9) and it is evident that the indicators measure what each construct is supposed to measure.Therefore, we conclude that the model has internal consistency.Table 10 shows the reliability of the scales to analyze the influence of product, price, distribution, promotion, services and the profile on tourist satisfaction has a Cronbach alpha higher than 0.70; however the profile reveals 0.652 this means that it does not meet the parameter of 0.70; it is concluded that there is reliability of the scales in the survey.

Convergent Validity
Table 11 shows that the constructs of the dimensions (first column) of the model developed to determine their influence on Tourist Satisfaction in Zone three have an average variance extracted (second column) higher than 0.50.It is verified that the model has convergent validity.The 0.703 of the AVE of the tourism   product construct was calculated by indicators such as good staff service, availability of parking, adequate facilities and cleanliness of establishments; the 0.811 of the variance of the tourist price was calculated according to the price of food and drinks, and price of diversion; the 0.736 of the variance of the tourist distribution was obtained from variables like the availability of information, availability of services places and facility to find places; the 0.551 variance of the promotion was calculated from variables, type of tourism to promote and how he learned of the destination; the 0.706 of the variance of tourist services was calculated from indicators such as expectations fulfilled, successful choice, positive tourism experience, repetition of the trip and recommendation; the 0.559 of the variance was reached from the age, monthly income and occupation of the tourist.

Discriminant Validity
Table 12 shows the average variances extracted based on the Fornell-Larcker criterion of the constructs of the practical model developed (from the third to the ninth column), and the values are explicitly shown to the square root of the variance that are superior to the correlations with other dimensions that are part of the model; and it is concluded that the dimensions of the practical model (first column Table 12) are different from each other and it has discriminant validity.

Evaluation of the Structural Model
Table 13 shows the coefficient of determination R squared (second column) that was analyzed of the independent variables of the model (first column), it is observed that the product, price, distribution, promotion, tourist profile and touristic services independent participate with a percentage of the total variance higher than 0.10 this reveals that the dependent variable (tourist satisfaction) is a predictor of product, price, distribution, promotion, tourist profile and touristic services.In the analysis of the path (β) values of the model, it can be seen in Table 14 that the dependent variable (Tourist satisfaction) presented a Path (β) value of 0.203 on the independent variable (Touristic Distribution); 0.440 on the variable independent tourist profile; 0.537 on the independent tourist price variable; 0.548 on the variable tourist product; 0.161 on the independent tourism promotion variable; and 0.306 on the independent variable tourist services.The values reached are higher than 0.20, except for 0.161 that complies with the parameter, which concludes that the model has structural validity and there is a relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables.
Table 15 summarizes the quality criteria analyzed using the Least Squares (PLS) technique.The first column shows the reliability calculated through the Cronbach alpha with values greater than 0.707 in all dimensions [54].This guarantees that the shared variance between the construct and its indicators is greater than the variance of error, including the dimension that evaluates the profile of the tourist who registers 0.652 that with the corresponding approximation satisfies the parameter, this proves the reliability of the scales used in the constructs, therefore there is internal validity of the developed model.
The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of the dependent variables found in the second column exceeds 0.10 For [55] and [56] propose that the explained variance of the dependent variables should be greater or equal to 0.10 and if it were lower it would provide very little information.Thus confirming that Tourist Satisfaction (dependent variable) is determinant of the product, price, distribution, promotion, tourist profile and touristic services.According to [57] cited by [55] the average extracted variance (AVE) (fourth column) of each variable is greater than 0.50, this confirms that the model developed has convergent validity.Higher  than 0.50 so that it can be guaranteed that more than 50% of the variance of the construct is due to the indicators and not to the error.Within the coefficient Path (β) (fifth is reflected values higher than 0.20, except for 0,161 that complies with the parameter [58] which concludes that the model has structural validity and there is a positive relation between the independent variable (Tourist Satisfaction) and the independent variables (product, price, distribution, promotion, tourist profile and touristic services).
Finally, we have evaluated the predictive relevance of the construct through Blindfolding in Smart Plus 3.0, and we obtain that Q2 is than zero, thus reflecting the predictive validity of the model developed [59].
Table 16 shows the results of Bootstraping and the loads of the indicators of the 610 surveys applied to the tourists and visitors of Zone three, with a level of significance (P) of 0.05.

Hypothesis Testing
The Path coefficient of the independent variables that was evaluated in the product, price, distribution; promotion; tourist profile and services (fifth column, Table 16) exceeds the parameter of 0.20 this shows a consistent relationship with the dependent variable tourist satisfaction; in the sixth column the estimation error level (P) is less than 0.05 maximum error allowed and the Q 2 Is greater than zero.Thus, hypotheses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are predictors of tourist satisfaction.
The tourism market and satisfaction validated through the least squares technique is presented in Figure 2.

Conclusions
The origin of the visits of a destination is oriented to national and foreign tourists [45], and who consider the economic resources and the trip planning for the making-decisions.In addition, they are motivated to make the holidays in the company of family, friends; and their favorite establishments for accommodation are hotels making use of restaurants and cafes for the consumption of food and beverages [60] [61].
The variables that evaluate the influence of the touristic product on tourist satisfaction [62], tourists value the good service of the staff, adequate facilities, cleanliness of the establishments and availability of parking, the coefficient Path shows an intense and acceptable relation of 0.548 obtaining predictive relevance of the construct [63].
The touristic price is identified as a main factor that influences the decision to purchase a service [64], is related to the degree of satisfaction of the tourists and a moderate range of payment of drinks is obtained, feeding and fun activities, whose predictive relevance is reflected in the Path coefficient and is acceptable with 0.537 [65] [66].
In the touristic distribution [67], the availability of information, the ease of finding places, services and places in the destination [68], this allows tourists to take important information, time, form and place required, to achieve a positive satisfaction in the destination visited, thus determining its predictive relevance through the Path coefficient of 0.203 considered acceptable [69].
The visiting season of domestic and foreign tourists should be aligned with the characteristics of the offer according to the identified tourism segments [31], the lack of knowledge and the lack of promotion of the destination diminish the flow of tourists, mostly tourists they visit the destination on their own initiative.
Foreign tourists value the distance between the country of origin and the receiving destination of the tourist.They also appreciate the promotion of cultural and gastronomic tourism as propitious scenarios to know the origin of the cities [70].
Therefore, the variable that evaluates the influence of tourism promotion on tourist satisfaction corresponds to the type of tourism to be promoted in the destination, which is reflected in its predictive relevance on the dependent variable in the Path coefficient of 0.161 [71].
The variables of influence of touristic services on tourist satisfaction [72], respond to the correct choice of the place, fulfillment of their expectations, positive tourism experience, recommendation and repetition of the trip [73], and determined predictive relevance of the variables as evidenced in the Path coefficient of 0.306 [74].
The main characteristics identified in the profile of the tourist [75], highlights the perceptions and attitudes of these [76], who are in a 90.5% between quite and very satisfied valued with an ordinal scale of 1 to 5.
The findings related to the limitations of the study were that no theoretical evidence or previous studies were found in Zone Three of Ecuador that includes the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Pastaza, and Tungurahua.This did not allow to assure a study population with certain essential characteristics in the international tourists, a situation that complicates for the application of a probabilistic technique with known sample frame.In addition, the eligibility, exclusion, and constraints at the time of choosing the units of analysis resulted in a cross-sectional design, with a single measurement of the object of study.Another limitation was the context and the locations in which the data were collected, since there was no prior agreement or payment to the participants who completed the surveys because of the limited research budget.
As future lines of research to fill the gaps of this study can be derived the image of the tourist destination from the point of view of foreign and national tourist.In addition, it is fundamental to study the personal motivations that encourage tourists to visit the destination to value the image according to their perception.Finally, trigger in tourist cluster defining routes and connections considering the tastes and preferences according to the types of tourism.
= desviation of 0.5; Z = 95% confidence level equivalent to 1.96; E = ac- ceptable limit of error of 0.05% obtaining 383 tourists as a population sample, under these circumstances 10% (38 unstructured interviews) were taken, results 70 and the individual reliability of the indicators was determined through the cross loads, complemented with the evaluation of the reliability of the scales Through the Cronbach Alpha.The analysis of the Average Extracted Variance (AVE) allowed to determine the convergent validity of the proposed model and confirmed the discriminant validity, where each dimension differs from the other.The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the Path (β) coefficient allowed to evaluate the structural validity of the proposed model and an intense positive relation was obtained between the independent variables (product, price, distribution, promotion, services and tourist profile) and the dependent variable (tourist satisfaction).The predictive relevance (Q2) of the proposed model was based on the Blindfolding technique in Smart Plus 3.0, which allowed us to affirm the hypotheses based on the relationship between the developed dimensions and tourist satisfaction; and as a complement the Bootstrapping technique determined the load of each of the indicators (items) of the sample, this allowed to elaborate the practical model, discarding the age due to its small sample load.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Dimension, variables, and reliability of the practical model to measure tourist satisfaction in Zone 3.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Practical model to determine the influence of the product, price, distribution, promotion, services and tourist profile on tourist satisfaction in Zone 3.

Table 1 .
Calculation of the sample according to the competitive advantage of each province.

Table 2 .
Operationalization of variables as a function of satisfaction and their predictor variables.
Note: The Code is described: coding of dimension questions.Item: study variable of each dimension.Observations: changes made to the item.Own elaboration.

Table 3 .
Modification of the instrument for the development of the pilot test.
Note: The Code is described: coding of dimension questions.Item: study variable of each dimension.Observations: changes made to the item.Own elaboration.

Table 5 .
Instrument of measurement of the variable latent tourist satisfaction.
Note: The Code is described: coding of dimension questions.Item: study variable of each dimension.Observations: changes made to the item.Own elaboration.

Table 8 presents
the cross tables (second to eighth column) of the items (first column) that make up the model and analyzed the influence of product, price,

Table 6 .
Dimension, variables, and reliability of the original study survey to measure tourist satisfaction in Zone 3.
Note: Reliability of the entire original survey by dimensions.Adapted from "Smart Plus 3.0" by C Ringle, S. Wende, & J. Becker, 2015.

Table 7 .
Shows the reliability of the dimensions, analyzed from variables according to the reliability practically proven through the surveys.
Note: Own elaboration based on surveys.

Table 8 .
Cross loadings between the indicators of the model to analyze tourist satisfaction.

Table 9 .
Reliability of the model to analyze tourist satisfaction.

Table 10 .
Cronbach's alpha of the model to analyze tourist satisfaction.
Note: Own elaboration based on surveys.

Table 11 .
Variance of the variables of tourist satisfaction.
Note: Own elaboration based on surveys.

Table 12 .
Cross-variances between the constructs of the model to analyze tourist satisfaction.

Table 13 .
Coefficient of determination of the model to analyze tourist satisfaction.
Note: Own elaboration based on surveys.

Table 14 .
Model coefficients for analyzing tourist satisfaction.
Note: Own elaboration based on surveys.

Table 16 .
Bootstrapping of the loads of the model indicators to analyze tourist satisfaction.
Note: T = Student T; P = Estimation error level.Own elaboration based on surveys.