%PDF-1.5
%
1 0 obj
< 100 nm\) are becoming more prevalent in residential and industrial uses and may enter the environment through wastewater. Although lab studies have shown that nanoparticles can be toxic to various organisms, limited research has been done on the effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Environmental conditions such as pH and ionic strength are known to alter the biotoxicity of nanoparticles, but these effects are not well understood. The objectives of this research were to determine the impacts of silver nanoparticles \(AgNP\) on zebrafish in the pseudo-natural environment of a lab-scale constructed wetland, and to investigate wastewater remediation through soil and water treatment residual \(WTR\) adsorption of AgNPs. Concurrently, the effect of particle size on AgNP sorption was examined. Researchers exposed adult zebrafish in a lab-scale constructed wetland to concentrations of AgNP ranging from 0 - 50 mg AgNP/L and compared them to negative controls with no silver exposure and to positive controls with exposure to silver nitrate. The results suggest that aggregated AgNP do not impact zebrafish. Separately, sorption experiments were carried out examining three media - a wetland soil, a silt loam soil, and a WTR - in their capacity to remove AgNPs from water. The silt loam retained less AgNPs from solution than did the wetland soil or the WTR. In the WTR AgNPs were associated with sand size particles \(2 mm - 0.05 mm\), but in the wetland soil and silt loam, approximately half of the AgNPs were associated with the sand-sized particles, while the rest were associated with silt sized \(~0.05 mm\) or smaller particles. The larger sorption capacity of the wetland soil and WTR was attributed to their higher carbon content. The sorption data indicate that AgNPs adsorbed to soil and WTRs and support the idea that natural and constructed wetlands can remove AgNPs from wastewater. )/ModDate(D:20131224172116+08'00')/SourceModified(D:20130705084045)/Author(Angela Ebeling, Victoria Hartmann, Aubrey Rockman, Andrew Armstrong, Robert Balza, Jarrod Erbe, Daniel Ebeling)/CreationDate(D:20131024092132+08'00')>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Font<>/Properties<>>>/MediaBox[0 0 595 808]/StructParents 1/Rotate 0>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<>stream
HWnH}W#h^Ei1q憉"^Sʖ"8!gNa3ԮG'qZeN?zh^ߠMP1^v;&Phn8BCW̽^W
t
vJG]"QVu&-`4Pm+:zZH\6b:}K>Ep}pGųCѢ;0YM~a6fSw?}$V=S9E}]iU++ZU>jlq~Z
FsybsGK6DBFctq$GGQƾ尧 oR"|xSY bM/;{5p]c/"(MQIVcyd`6^26.9i*}LLZ56c>xɄ]~*}
!2ZEXg21bJjW. 5*CF^P21R!.H>@&u;9ɸpJچ{.g?[9бo "[Vuc!V^S/Of,!<÷\RV)r(˟:nO}ǐrSXEw {@ c.sIY3+ KYǷA]Mͪ5r!a,.5vˤx*g<Ɉ1DǠhys)AL䣑AvmPG/o\0y1#+*DšC7Zl+D`OJLwCp~+ͣFc{D5D*" Y%ܡN'N 83"LS?һ$> XPwuڡrnAoYy)o}p-1{EEPSSr,JA\JH)h%z;(2act\x!$ꩻ9FU2UݫZ>Ċ^{\jo\; ɴc%X{h10ea? /jyR7рI tSNѓ\r{ٮPPCчqBa)+#*ѝsZf'DH1)ߙb+lu%nP1.w`t)ӓ8r..o˦@H;mW6'B܋8лmTil gy
qf8n$u
LfbT5 ׀@sTe
g3^YCiCҏ^#, 8P7/_³"{(
ɖ KR_2_'Ab`2j+7Czo>V9=3.(I>sjF`xRih&$^Io/(KVc~9SG4+da䤁kfM/5@m%EuUXA}j 0tҼ+aӅ#Ly>|ތ^$`~l ly1,Uq2b8
l"-,ll^Qx"֩ޚQ;5?-ĸ<ѱEǎ rZz"M! Ji57՝XȮj_@B48`iKeVe]q2c2OHZ륝m9{/}O\\ۉ^]oY?MxKrK)9@k^Pa\Wmywi;DGrpҖelo+e'qYq5Owzp/O=97kĂOW()f&c^>e/Q;}tNbGu~_ߩfՒ.'pO?^pE?伿3#p4P6ObsN@aC'2#g#Z'z]@y;u/t`Rq }-N{JZDG>R-2wW偌GX#2U4m+IHX,%0dY(KqIc ,Tm{\]}]BUʗSEt'T软@1+V/ƫ%Fj W䄪$) A,{bI'(q֮|Û}(e̠~%&^ 9d^I?
n:}K):Nh{e;g&,Xy$6&X۶hi:'_vF軿e@y2A xY`XP)1I
II:lٞ[dUo&Z2F!iӰM[a`&H.#{'G|O%MWQחmk,N_G|bӄ/.W-M[o΄xY`zUt@ք.d6j ;Oi]( vK7ˢ0FL$>CvUo4a+]o"RϜ%+H2}F.) SZpJ ɾE!B;*Bb
_kIVHŵӳ%?Y/Eo{ZMPƙ{Z, a{#@Ƌ aa'>篚ohܿǩHש_䗈kp
syVoip{wz;//SnaRKxOs"{%flmG*1P
sM扶x
`91=o7umQ23,P<7[՝51ѤJpfs(GWU.vB`%uU[&q'٥,[]Z>$1@0v!F*4p6Hq`vmPHG\s;M$ҙuˡ!`}
_ zoź%YMCm
F~_5N.X{͢$c=+ :pt*~H'X:@wD-h@˥5أiWutZD?3$:t='F'+Zt:
q-\+x)dqrY?S?h\9B밈qԶ}^Ds(,6Za}=e}o)%pƛ3wQ$V)غQ&Ħ+$2cBY%y`fNraSVs%%yuۖAܠ^vW^l[K`ԔBcz4fQ.- -5Ph[lѰLR>/.w0V_
{35q} EOɁ#EJ
ez\liW~͏bCE NpRڑB\1LIPSWV<0ZWMhI.w-kw]!, 3M"?`ҭ)nގ78$A_Kxׯ0a6 G:F3isaMllC/Cc9TNɜ'aKρژ 1 ZOOߗxꃉ*{XtH](o908vNTgo-o_"s9rĞgnӡ"{@5{U$\;$ ,IiT90&J~bؒKO0b|y&^IWҨЖj}>a,a.ZYv2gL&\Ԝ`(ѻ2dc`BV{ I/ksھ^KjB.n$bx=mxNωI'XWH1Umtd<+Q{i{>Zveh6\
$3w/tC2'@nw*kbRC3z\| ;˲#C'ď!3!\'n|BtE+/oWmC㗞_vꃺgklf}]=eij'!t<gj<0&Ɗ~G JY /.f=GהpȆrVX4
Ghe~_ xx9>{0@6!A#sv
Xŝ58f'&!o 'Of6ۊ̡{&ϒ-PIΌ)?Ek:m&~FDP3(TI^Y{H"Hd6
MTi.POG$S/CsDKٌ͏30G${ӾrZeGI !`FKŀs=N: )"kNL4(,1Fx7X,R*Ip`'ި
W
y)'ÄSߦ`d#|./Q屶0ϛEQ䡊Kg語(19 ct^tv$23GOR,8DEY%E醰h% ΅ǛBg[-hDH$##YҠnCo$í6(&9q{YL bDI#29=EPx<@tĂkY "
g^MygmxVʼ7
q=ePF?ն:E[ Q%8üusF G#'qRi_Yk*I k}{/oyh5rZe♙" Xe Jj|hwU/>|jbt|D\I,@ܖz~NeRȯAnp0+;m)滁)z6
R{4+
9¢'=Vz*i6krK+#fMxȆwJ2ye̦MDX$]̀e~Bp͕* .+)UYT4b$ &~Ie֍lj
2ALxkqtl3]P\AfcT16:ŇWJ"vJI'WZ{(`oS
bH'9peUary'aժBjP4^ I'^
Zil֣҉^`%<˘5
8bNY܉9<HMLMazt
]%=sp<|I` @!F9
Sfl{fj{Dֿ1N6`fsQZFeD3ͮSԬfxk (X=F+p&%r=pfC¨DE9 &_uu%LM/{{qH#ftPU?⢠!:Jʷ!N|F385e5usF g|LdH%uNxlnJы:Uk3I
5qWM~9qPt5Jf̣Yű^P4ՙ("uiPXuoËjgƊ]U+7TFcێ5]
qv)J[nUuiN'k{G}-y͊?Թ)\}fFEOGٌY
^jLhTY,^_FS O}"/Z5^åGe3m$^OUo