ABSTRACT

The differential equations of movement along the concave profile of the grate, consisting of three broken lines, are integrated on Maple 9.5 under initial conditions, using separate functions, and graphs of the dependence of movement and speed over time are presented. The graphs show the patterns of change in displacement and speed at different angles, friction coefficient of seeds along grate with a broken line of a concave profile.

Keywords:

Ginning of Cotton, Saw Gin Stand, Roll Box, Seed Roll, Rib, Concave, Cotton Seed

1. Introduction

Currently, the quality of fiber obtained at cotton processing enterprises depends on the efficient operation of machines operating in the direct technological process. Each process is to some extent important in obtaining high-quality fiber. The main technological process in the production of fiber at the enterprise is the process of ginning (separation of fiber from seed). The cotton, peeled from small and large litter in the cleaning workshops, is fed to the main machine of the genie shop with saw gin. The cotton enters the working chamber of the gin and is hooked with the teeth of the saws rotating next to the seed comb, leading to the grate. In the working chamber, the cotton flies hooked with the teeth saw, hook the other cotton flies and create a raw roller. The seed roll rotates in the opposite direction of the saw cylinder, and provides a continuous supply of cotton fiber to the teeth of the saws. Gin problems were previously studied by many researchers [1] - [7].

There are also known attempts by the authors of mathematical modeling of various stages of the technology of primary processing of cotton, which are published both in local and foreign scientific journals [8] [9] [10] [11] [12].

The authors of the article conducted a series of studies to improve the working elements of gin. The aim of the study is to create the possibility of timely exit of bare seeds from the working chamber of the saw gin by creating grooves in the grates, creating a device that performs this process, determining the technological dimensions that ensure efficient operation, as well as introducing the device into production.

The selection of the optimal structural and technological parameters of the new grate is a crucial stage of research. The use of mathematical methods in research planning, in contrast to traditional methods of research calculations, makes it possible to determine the influence of each factor together influencing several parameters on optimization parameters. As a result of this, a mathematical model of the studied object will be obtained with a relatively small multiplicity of tests. This model is also used for decision making.

Investigation of the movement of single and systemic seeds along grates with a concave profile.

1) The movement of a single seed.

To describe the movement of the seed, it is necessary to determine the concavity of the grate groove. Typically, this concavity profile consists of a curve, the shape of which should provide the minimum resistance force and the process of maximum separation of the fiber from the seed when the seeds move. Suppose the equation of the concavity profile parameter, and the shape is expressed by a curved line in the plane (Figure 1).

In this case, its curvilinear motion will be expressed by the following equations:

$\{\begin{array}{l}m\cdot \frac{{\text{d}}^{2}S}{\text{d}{t}^2}={\displaystyle \sum F_{n\tau }}\\ \frac{m{\upsilon }^2}{\rho }={\displaystyle \sum F_{nu}^{\left(a\right)}+N}\end{array}$ (1)

There is $S=S\left(t\right)$ —the law of movement of the seed in concavity;

$\rho$ —radius of curvature;

$F_{n\tau }$ and $F_{nu}$ —projections of external forces to the curve in the tangent and normal directions;

N—normal reaction force affecting the mass.

Consider the equation in the polar coordinate system. We consider the equation of the curve of the line in the coordinate of the pole systems. The law of motion of the seed is written as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}m\frac{{\text{d}}^{2}S}{\text{d}{t}_i^2}=T\\ N=\frac{m{v}^2}{p}-mg\cos \psi \end{array}\}$ (2)

$\psi$ —the angle formed by the tangent to the curve of the line with the axis ox, this angle is expressed as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{tg}\psi =\frac{\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}\phi }}{\frac{\text{d}x}{\text{d}\phi }}=\frac{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\sin \phi +r\cos \phi }{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\cos \phi -r\sin \phi }\\ \sin \psi =\frac{\text{tg}\psi }{\sqrt{1+{\text{tg}}^2\psi }}=\frac{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\sin \phi +\cos \phi }{\sqrt{r^2+{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}}^2}}\\ \cos \psi =\frac{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\cos \phi -r\sin \phi }{\sqrt{r^2+{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}}^2}}\end{array}\}$ (3)

For the radius of curvature we obtain the following expression

$\rho =\frac{{\left(r^2+r^{12}\right)}^{312}}{r^2+2r^{12}-r{r}^1}$ (4)

In Equation (2), the letter indicates the sum of the tangential forces affecting the seed. In this direction, the projection of gravity and the Coulomb friction force in the direction, i.e.

$T=fN+mg\sin \psi$

If we write Equation (2) taking into account the expressions and for, we obtain the following equation:

$\begin{array}{c}m\ddot{S}=\frac{mg}{\sqrt{r^2+r^{12}}}\left[\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\cos \phi +r\cos \phi +f\left(\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\cos \phi -r\sin \phi \right)\right]\\ -fm{\stackrel{\dot{}}{S}}^2\frac{r^2+2r^{12}-r\ddot{r}}{\sqrt{r^2+r^{12}}}\end{array}$ (5)

In this equation using equality $\stackrel{\dot{}}{S}=\stackrel{\dot{}}{\phi }\sqrt{r^2+r^{12}}$, for the angle $\phi =\phi \left(t\right)$ we can write the following nonlinear differential equation of the second order:

$\begin{array}{l}\left[-\ddot{\phi }\sqrt{r^2+r^{12}}+{\stackrel{\dot{}}{\phi }}^2\frac{r^1\left(r+r^{11}\right)}{\sqrt{r^2+r^{12}}}\right]\\ =\frac{g\left(\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\sin \phi +r\cos \phi \right)+f\left(\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}\cos \phi -r\sin \phi \right)}{\sqrt{r^2+{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}}^2}}-f{\stackrel{\dot{}}{\phi }}^2\left(r^2+2{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}}^2-{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}}^1\sqrt{r^2+{\stackrel{\dot{}}{r}}^2}\right)\end{array}$

The initial equations of this equation $\phi \left(0\right)={\phi }_0$ and $\stackrel{\dot{}}{\phi }\left(0\right)={\stackrel{\dot{}}{\phi }}_{\text{0}}$ (6) the differential equation are integrated numerically under the above initial conditions.

The particular case (Figure 2):

The lengths of the convex grate $l_1,l_2,l_3$ are replaced by three straight lines BD, DC and CA.

Enter the direct Cartesian coordinates for the moving seed in each plot

$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{l}{x}_1=\left(l_1-S_1\right)\cos a_1\\ y_1=\left(l_1-S_1\right)\sin a_1\end{array}\}0<S_1<l_1\\ \begin{array}{l}{x}_2=l_1\cos a_1+S_2\cos a_2\\ y_2=l_2\sin a_1+S_2\sin a_1\end{array}\}0<S_2<l_2\\ \begin{array}{l}{x}_3=l_1\cos a_1+l_2\cos a_2+S_3\cos a_3\\ y_3=l_1\sin a_1+l_2\sin a_1+S_3\sin a_3\end{array}\}0<S_3<l_3\end{array}\}$ (7)

We can write the differential equation of motion $S=S\left(t\right)$ of the path covered by the seed for each section as follows:

$\{\begin{array}{l}m{\ddot{S}}_1=mg\left(\sin a_1-f\cos a_1\right)0<t<t_1(8)\\ m{\ddot{S}}_2=mg\left(\sin a_2-f\cos a_2\right)t_1<t<t_2(9)\\ m{\ddot{S}}_3=mg\left(\sin a_3-f\cos a_3\right)t_2<t<t_3\mathrm{(10)}\end{array}$

Equations (8)-(10) are integrated under the following initial conditions

$\begin{array}{l}{S}_1\left(0\right)=0{\stackrel{\dot{}}{S}}_1\left(0\right)={\vartheta }_1\\ S_2\left(t_1\right)=0{\stackrel{\dot{}}{S}}_2\left(t_1\right)={\vartheta }_2\\ S_2\left(t_2\right)=0{\stackrel{\dot{}}{S}}_2\left(t_2\right)={\vartheta }_3\end{array}\}$ (11)

Here t₁, t₂, t₃, v₂, v₃, ∙∙∙ To do this, consider each period of time.

a) $0<t<t_1$ —at this time, the seed moves only along the line AB and from Equation (2) under the conditions $S_1\left(0\right)=0$,${\stackrel{\dot{}}{S}}_1\left(0\right)=v_h$ the integral will be in the following form:

$S_1=C_1\frac{t^2}{2}+v_{h}t$ (12)

$\left(C_1=\sin a_1-f\cos a_1\right)$

Here $v_h=\sqrt{2gh}$, h—is the height from the center of gravity of the seed to the bulge of the grate.

In Equation (12), taking into account the equation $S_1=l_1$, we obtain the equation with respect to $t_1$

$C_1{t}_1+2v_n{t}_1-l_1=0$

$l_1=c\cdot \frac{t^2}{2}+{\upsilon }_h\cdot t\Rightarrow$ (13)

Here we define $t=t_1$.

As a result, we obtain the expression of speed $v_1$

$v_1=c_1{t}_1+v_h$ (14)

Similarly, we obtain the following solutions for the second and third sections

$|\begin{array}{l}{S}_2=c_2\frac{{\left(t-t_1\right)}^2}{2}+{\vartheta }_2\left(t-t_1\right)\\ {\vartheta }_2={\vartheta }_1\cos a_1\\ c_2=\sin a_2-f\cos a_2\end{array}\}$ (15)

$|\begin{array}{l}{S}_3=c_3\frac{t-t_2}{2}+{\vartheta }_3\left(t-t_2\right)\\ {\vartheta }_3={\vartheta }_2\cos a_2\\ c_3=\sin a_3-f\cos a_3\end{array}\}$ (16)

2) Assume that the sections of the transition AB, BC and CA the convex grate are expressed by circular arcs (Figure 3).

We write the equations of arcs in the following form

$\begin{array}{l}{\left(x-x_1\right)}^2+{\left(y-y_1\right)}^2=R_1^2\\ {\left(x-x_2\right)}^2+{\left(y-y_2\right)}^2=R_i\end{array}\}$ (17)

Here $x_i$ ; $y_i$ —coordinates of the centers of arcs;

$R_i$ —radius of arcs.

Equations of straight lines, AB, BC and CD:

$\begin{array}{l}{y}_1=k_1\left(x-x_{11}\right)+y_{11}\\ y_2=x_2\left(x-x_{12}\right)+y_{12}\\ y_3=x_3\left(x-x_{13}\right)+y_{13}\end{array}\}$ (18)

Points $x_{11}$,$y_{11}$ lie on an arc, therefore

${\left(x_{11}-x_1\right)}^2+{\left(y_{11}-y_1\right)}^2=R_i^2$ (19)

In addition, the slope of the line AB

$K_1=\frac{x_{11}-x_1}{\sqrt{{\left(x_{11}-x_1\right)}^2+{\left(y_{11}-y_1\right)}^2}}=\text{tg}{a}_1$ (20)

If the angle coefficient $K_1$ is given, the coordinates $x_{11}$ and $y_{11}$ are also determined in Equations (18) and (20).

The coordinates $x_{12}$ and $y_{12}$

${\left(x_{12}-x_1\right)}^2+{\left(y_{12}-y_1\right)}^2=R_i$ (21)

$K_2=\frac{x_{12}-x_1}{\sqrt{{\left(x_{12}-x_1\right)}^2+\left(y_{12}-y_1\right)}}=\text{tg}{a}_2$ (22)

${\left(x_{21}-x_2\right)}^2+{\left(y_{21}-y_2\right)}^2=R_i^2$ (23)

$K_3=\frac{x_{22}-x_2}{\sqrt{{\left(x_{22}-x_2\right)}^2+{\left(y_{22}-y_2\right)}^2}}=\text{tg}{a}_3$ (24)

From each Equations (20)-(24) unknown coordinates are determined $x_{11}$,$y_{11}$ ; $x_{12}$,$y_{12}$ ; $x_{21}$,$y_{21}$ ; $x_{22}$,$y_{22}$. The equation for the convexity of the grate will be in the form

$\begin{array}{l}y=K_1\left(x-x_{11}\right)+y_{11}{x}_0<x<x_{11}\\ y=y_1-\sqrt{R_i{}^2-{\left(x-x_1\right)}^2}{x}_{11}<x<x_{12}\\ y=K_2\left(x-x_{21}\right)+y_{21}{x}_{12}<x<x_{22}\\ y=y_2-\sqrt{R_i{}^2-{\left(x-x_2\right)}^2}{x}_{21}<x<x_{22}\\ y=k_3\left(x-x_{22}\right)+y_{22}{x}_{22}<x<x_{12}\end{array}$ (25)

We write the equation of motion of the seed for each plot (Figure 4)

$\begin{array}{l}m\ddot{x}=mg\left(\sin a_1-f\cos a_1\right)0<t<t_1\\ m\ddot{x}=mg\left(\sin a_2-f\cos a_2\right)t_1<t<t_2\\ m\ddot{x}=mg\left(\sin a_3-f\cos a_3\right)t_2<t<t_3\end{array}\}$ (26)

The differential equations of movement of along the concave profile of the grate, consisting of three broken lines, is integrated on Maple 9.5 under initial conditions, using separate functions, and graphs of the dependence of movement and speed over time are presented (Figures 5-10).

Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the nature of the change in the path and speed of the seeds with time t for various friction coefficients in the aircraft section, for various values of the friction coefficient: 1—f = 0.03; 2—f = 0.06; 3—f = 0.09, in which all graphs are upward.

Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the nature of the change in the path and speed of passage of seeds with time t at various friction coefficients in the SD section: 1—f = 0.03; 2—f = 0.06; 3—f = 0.09, which also have an upward character of change.

Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the nature of the change in the speed of seeds along the trajectory s for various friction coefficients in the DE and EF sections for various friction coefficients 1—f = 0.03; 2—f = 0.06; 3—f = 0.09, where the growth rate of parameters in the EF region is much higher than in the previous one.

The graphs show the patterns of change in displacement and speed at different angles, friction coefficient of seeds along grate with a broken line of a concave profile.

The analysis showed the feasibility of using ribs with a concave profile, which helps to accelerate the release of seeds from the working chamber of the fiber separator, which significantly increases the productivity of the cotton processing.

2. Conclusions

1) An increase in the coefficient of friction leads to a decrease in the movement and speed of the seed in time.

2) You can see that in this section the trajectory and speed of the seeds depend on the friction coefficient, that is, with an increase in the friction coefficient, the speed decreases.

3) From the above graphs, it is possible to determine the tilt angles ${\alpha }_1={65}^{\circ },{\alpha }_2={25}^{\circ },{\alpha }_3={45}^{\circ }$ for the concave grate model with broken, the values of which were accepted, and the grates were tested under production conditions.

4) Determining the movement and speeds of seeds along the grate with a concave profile makes it possible to improve—accelerate the exit of seeds from the roll box of the gin.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Cite this paper

Sharipov, K., Akhmedxodjayev, K., Tojiboyev, M. and Sarimsakov, O. (2020) The Mathematical Model of Seed Movement on a Concave Profile Rib. Engineering, 12, 216-227. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2020.123017

References