M. A. El-Shirbeny et al.
4. Conclusion
The cultivated areas in Nile valley and delta were about 3.3 Mha. Landsat8 bands 4 and 5 used to calculate
Normalized Deference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Kc = 2 * NDVI − 0.2 represent the relation between crop
coefficient (Kc) and NDVI. ETo was calculated from the meteorological data using the Penman-Montieth for-
mula. Kc and ETo used to estimate ETc in Egypt. It has been observed to increase ETo in the southern part of
Egypt because of radiation and air temperature were high and relative humidity was low.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank NASA for data availability. I would like to thank my collage at NARSS, Egypt for their
support and encourage me nt .
References
[1] Sobrino, J.A., Gomez, M., Jimenez-Munoz, J.C. and Olioso, A. (2007) Application of a Simple Algorithm to Estimate
Daily Evapotranspiration from NOAA–AVHRR Images for the Iberian Peninsula. Remote Sensing of Environment,
110, 139-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.017
[2] Magliulo, V., d’Andria, R. and Rana, G. (20 03) Use of t he Modified Atmomet er to E stimate Reference Evap otranspi-
ration in Mediterranean En vir onments. Agricultural Water Management, 63, 1-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(03)00098-2
[3] Yin, Y., Wu, S., Zheng, D. an d Y ang, O. (2008) Radiation Calibration of FAO56-Penman-Monteith Model to Estimate
Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in China. Agr i c u l tur a l Water M ana ge m e nt , 95, 77-84.
[4] El-Shirbeny, M.A., Aboelghar, M.A., Arafat, S.M. and El-Gindy, A.-G.M . (20 14) Assessment of the Mutual Impact
between Climate and Vegetation Cover Us ing NOAA-AVHRR and Landsat Data i n Egypt. Arabian Journal of Geos-
ciences, 7, 12 87 -1296 .
[5] Zhao, S.H., Yang, Y.H., Zhang, F., Sui, X.X., Yao, Y.J., Zhao, N. and Li, C.Q. (20 14 ) Rapid Evaluation of Reference
Evapotranspiration in Northern China. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 1-11.
[6] Allen, R.G., Perrier, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998) Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop
Requirements. Irrigation and Drain age Paper No. 56, FAO, Rome, Italy.
[7] Droogers, P. and Allen, R.G. (2002) Estimating Re ference E vapotr anspiration under Inaccu rate Data Condit ions. Irri-
gation and Drainage Systems, 16, 33-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015508322413
[8] Hargreaves, G.H. and Samani, Z.A. (1985) Reference Crop Evapotranspiration from Temperature. Applied Engineer-
ing in Agri c ulture , 1, 96-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26773
[9] Popova, Z., Kercheva, M. and Pereira, L.S. (2005) Validation of the FAO Methodology for Computing ETo with Li-
mited Data. ICID 21st European Regional Conference, Fran kfur t, Slubice.
[10] Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W.O. (1977) Crop Water Req uirement: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-
tions. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24, Rome, 144.
[11] Huete, A., Didan, K., Van Leeuw en, W., Miura, T. and Glenn, E. (2008) MODIS V egetation Indi ces. In Land Remote
Sensing and Global Environmental Change, NASA’s Earth Observing System and the Science of ASTER and MODIS .
[12] Edward, P.G., Huete, A.R., Nagler, P.L. and Nelson, S.G. (2008) Relationship between Remotely Sensed Vegetation
Indices, Canopy Attributes and Plant Physiological Processes: What Vegetation Indices Can and Cannot Tell Us about
the Landscape. Sensors, 8, 2136-2160. Environment, 48, 119-126.
[13] Ta sumi, M. and Allen, R.G. (2007) Satellite-Based ET Mapping to Assess Variation in ET with Timing of Crop De-
velopment. Agricultural Water Management, 88, 54-62.
[14] Ryua, S.Y., Baldocchi, D.D., Black, T.A., Dettoc, M., Lawd, B.E., Leuninge, R., Miyataf, A., Reichsteing, M., Var-
gash, R. , Ammanni, C ., Berin ger, J., Flanagan k, L.B., Gul, L., Hutleym, L.B., Kimn, J., McCaugheyo, H., Moorsp, E.
J., Rambal, S. and Vesalar, T. (2012) On the Temporal Upscaling of Evapotranspiration from Instantaneous Remote
Sensing Measur ement s to 8-Day Mean Dai ly Sums. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 152, 212 -222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.010
[15] Yoder, B.J. and Waring, R.H. (1994) The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of Small Douglas-Fir Canopies
with Varying Chlorophyll Concentrations. Re m ot e Se ns ing of Env ironm e nt , 49, 81-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)90061-2
[16] Campbell, J.B. (1996) Introduction to Remote Sensing. Taylor Francis, London.