Advances in Pure Mathematics
Vol.08 No.08(2018), Article ID:86736,9 pages
10.4236/apm.2018.88045

Sufficiency and Wolfe Type Duality for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Programming Problems

Gang An1, Xiaoyan Gao2

1College of Science, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China

2College of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China

Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Received: July 30, 2018; Accepted: August 17, 2018; Published: August 20, 2018

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a class of nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems is considered. We introduce the new concept of invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II for nondifferentiable locally Lipschitz functions using the tools of Clarke subdifferential. The new functions are used to derive the sufficient optimality condition for a class of nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems. Utilizing the sufficient optimality conditions, weak and strong duality theorems are established for Wolfe type duality model.

Keywords:

Multiobjective Programming, Optimality Condition, Locally Lipschitz Function, Wolfe Type Dual Problem

1. Introduction

The field of multiobjective programming, also called vector programming, has grown remarkably in different directions in the settings of optimality conditions and duality theory since the 1980s. It has been enriched by the applications of various types of generalizations of convexity theory, with and without differentiability assumptions. The Clarke subdifferential [1] (also called the Clarke generalized gradient) is an important tool to derive optimality conditions for nonsmooth optimization problems. Together with the Clarke’s subdifferential, many generalized convexity or invexity functions were generalized to locally Lipschitz functions. Based upon the generalized functions, several sufficient optimality conditions and duality results were established for the optimization problems. We can see for examples [2] - [8] . In [9] Upadhyay introduced some new generalizations of the concept of ( ϕ , ρ ) -invexity and established the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a class of nonsmooth semi-infinite minmax programming problems. In [10] the new concepts of ( ϕ , ρ ) V type I were introduced. Sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir duality results were obtained for nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems. Recently, many researchers have been interested in other types of solution concepts. One of them is higher order strict minimizer. In [11] and [12] some sufficient conditions and duality results were obtained for the new concept of strict minimizer of higher order for a multiobjective optimization problem.

In this paper, we consider the nonsmooth multiobjective programming including the locally Lipschitz functions. The new concepts of invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II functions are introduced. Then, a sufficient optimality condition is obtained for the nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem under the new functions and the Wolfe type duality results are obtained.

2. Preliminaries and Definitions

Let R n be the n-dimensional Euclidean space and let X be a nonempty open subset of R n . For x = ( x 1 , x 2 , , x n ) T , y = ( y 1 , y 2 , , y n ) T R n , we denote:

x = y x i = y i , i = 1 , 2 , , n ; x y x i y i , i = 1 , 2 , , n ; x y x i y i , i = 1 , 2 , , n and x y ; x < y x i < y i , i = 1 , 2 , , n ; x R + n x 0.

Definition 2.1. [1] The function f : X R is said to be locally Lipschitz at x X , if there exist scalars k > 0 and ε > 0 , such that

| f ( y ) f ( z ) | k y z , forall y , z B ( x , ε ) . (1)

where B ( x , ε ) is the open ball of radius ε about x.

Definition 2.2. [1] The generalized directional derivative of a locally Lipschitz function f at x in the direction d, denoted by f 0 ( x ; d ) , is as follows:

f 0 ( x ; d ) = lim y x sup λ 0 + f ( y + λ d ) f ( y ) λ . (2)

Definition 2.3. [1] The generalized gradient of f : X R at x X , denoted by f ( x ) , is defined as follows:

f ( x ) = { ξ R n : f 0 ( x ; d ) ξ , d , d R n } . (3)

where , is the inner product in R n .

Consider the following nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem:

(MP) Minimize f ( x ) = ( f 1 ( x ) , f 2 ( x ) , , f k ( x ) ) , s . t . g j ( x ) 0 , j = 1 , 2 , , m , x X .

where f i : X R ( i K = { 1 , 2 , , k } ) and g j : X R ( j M = { 1 , 2 , , m } ) are locally Lipschitz functions and X is a convex set in R n .

Let X 0 = { x | g j ( x ) 0 , j M } be the set of feasible solutions of (MP), and

J ( x ) = { j | g j ( x ) = 0 , x X 0 , j M } .

Definition 2.4. A point x ¯ X 0 is a strict minimizer of order σ for (MP) with respect to a nonlinear function ψ : X × X R n , if for a constant ρ int R + k , such that

f ( x ¯ ) f ( x ) + ρ ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ ,forall x X 0 . (4)

Throughout the paper, we suppose that η : X × X R n ; b 0 , b 1 : X × X R + ; φ 0 , φ 1 : R R ; α , β : X × X R + \ { 0 } ; ρ i , τ R + , i K .

Definition 2.5. ( f , g ) is said to be invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II at x ¯ X , if there exist η , b 0 , b 1 , φ 0 , φ 1 , α , β , ρ i ( i K ) , τ and some vectors λ R + k and μ R + m such that for all x X the following inequalities hold:

b 0 ( x , x ¯ ) φ 0 [ i = 1 k λ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( x ¯ ) + ρ i ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ ) ] α ( x , x ¯ ) i = 1 k λ i ξ i , η ( x , x ¯ ) , ξ i f i ( x ¯ ) , i K (5)

b 1 ( x , x ¯ ) φ 1 [ j = 1 m μ j g j ( x ¯ ) ] β ( x , x ¯ ) j = 1 m μ j ζ j , η ( x , x ¯ ) + τ ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ , ζ j g j ( x ¯ ) , j M . (6)

Definition 2.6. ( f , g ) is said to be (pseudo, quasi) invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II at x ¯ X , if there exist η , b 0 , b 1 , φ 0 , φ 1 , α , β , ρ i ( i K ) , τ and some vectors λ R + k and μ R + m such that for all x X the following inequalities hold:

α ( x , x ¯ ) i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i , η ( x , x ¯ ) 0 , ξ i f i ( x ¯ ) , i K b 0 ( x , x ¯ ) φ 0 [ i = 1 k λ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( x ¯ ) + ρ i ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ ) ] 0 , (7)

b 1 ( x , x ¯ ) φ 1 [ j = 1 m μ j g j ( x ¯ ) ] 0 β ( x , x ¯ ) j = 1 m μ j ζ j , η ( x , x ¯ ) + τ ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ 0 , ζ j g j ( x ¯ ) , j M . (8)

3. Optimality Condition

In this section, we establish sufficient optimality conditions for a strict minimizer of (MP).

Theorem 3.1. Let x ¯ X 0 . Suppose that

1) There exist λ i 0 , i K , i = 1 k λ i = 1 , μ j 0 , j J ( x ¯ ) , such that

0 i = 1 k λ i f i ( x ¯ ) + j J ( x ¯ ) μ j g j ( x ¯ ) ,

2) ( f , g J ) is invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II at x ¯ ,

3) b 0 ( x , x ¯ ) > 0 , b 1 ( x , x ¯ ) 0 ; a < 0 φ 0 ( a ) < 0 , a = 0 φ 1 ( a ) = 0 .

Then x ¯ is a strict minimizer of order σ for (MP).

Proof: Since 0 i = 1 k λ i f i ( x ¯ ) + j J ( x ¯ ) μ j g j ( x ¯ ) , there exists ξ i f i ( x ¯ ) , i K , ζ j g j ( x ¯ ) , j J ( x ¯ ) , such that

i = 1 k λ i ξ i + j J ( x ¯ ) μ j ζ j = 0 . (9)

whence

i = 1 k λ i ξ i + j J ( x ¯ ) μ j ζ j , η ( x , x ¯ ) = 0 . (10)

Suppose that x ¯ is not a strict minimizer of order σ for (MP). Then there exists x X 0 and ρ R + k , such that

f ( x ¯ ) > f ( x ) + ρ ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ . (11)

By λ i 0 , i K , i = 1 k λ i = 1 and hypothesis 3), we have

b 0 ( x , x ¯ ) φ 0 [ i = 1 k λ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( x ¯ ) + ρ i ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ ) ] < 0 . (12)

Since g j ( x ¯ ) = 0 , j J ( x ¯ ) and μ j 0, j J ( x ¯ ) , and hypothesis 3), we get

b 1 ( x , x ¯ ) φ 1 [ j J ( x ¯ ) μ j g j ( x ¯ ) ] = 0 . (13)

In view of the hypothesis 1), one finds from (12) and (13) that

α ( x , x ¯ ) i = 1 k λ i ξ i , η ( x , x ¯ ) < 0 , ξ i f i ( x ¯ ) , i K . (14)

β ( x , x ¯ ) j J ( x ¯ ) μ j ζ j , η ( x , x ¯ ) + τ ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ 0 , ζ j g j ( x ¯ ) , j J ( x ¯ ) . (15)

From α ( x , x ¯ ) > 0 , β ( x , x ¯ ) > 0 and τ 0 , we obtain

i = 1 k λ i ξ i , η ( x , x ¯ ) < 0 , ξ i f i ( x ¯ ) , i K . (16)

j J ( x ¯ ) μ j ζ j , η ( x , x ¯ ) 0 , ζ j g j ( x ¯ ) , j J ( x ¯ ) . (17)

Also

i = 1 k λ i ξ i + j J ( x ¯ ) μ j ζ j , η ( x , x ¯ ) < 0 , ξ i f i ( x ¯ ) , i K , ζ j g j ( x ¯ ) , j J ( x ¯ ) (18)

which contradicts (10). Hence the result is true.

4. Wolfe Type Duality

In this section, we consider the Wolfe type dual for the primal problem (MP) and establish various duality theorems. Let e be the vector of R k whose components are all ones.

( MD ) Maximize F ( u ) = f ( u ) + μ ¯ T g ( u ) e = ( f 1 ( u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) , , f k ( u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) ) subjectto0 i = 1 k λ ¯ i f i ( u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) , λ ¯ i 0, i = 1 k λ ¯ i = 1, i K , μ ¯ j 0, j M .

Let

U = { ( u , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) X × R + k × R + m | 0 i = 1 k λ ¯ i f i ( u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) , λ ¯ 0 , i = 1 k λ ¯ i = 1 , μ ¯ 0 }

be the set of all feasible solutions in problem (MD).

Theorem 4.1. (weak duality) Let x X 0 and ( u , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) W be feasible solutions for (MP) and (MD), respectively. Moreover, assume that

1) ( f , g ) is invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II at u,

2) b 1 ( x , u ) > b 0 ( x , u ) > 0 ; a < b φ 0 ( a ) < φ 1 ( b ) ; α ( x , u ) = β ( x , u ) .

Then the following can hold:

f ( x ) F ( u ) ρ ψ ( x , u ) σ . (19)

Proof: Suppose contrary to the result that f ( x ) < F ( u ) ρ ψ ( x , u ) σ holds, then we have

f i ( x ) < f i ( u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) ρ i ψ ( x , u ) σ , i K . (20)

which implies

f i ( x ) f i ( u ) + ρ i ψ ( x , u ) σ < j = 1 m μ ¯ j g ( u ) j , i K . (21)

Using λ ¯ i 0 , i K , i = 1 k λ ¯ i = 1 , we have

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( u ) + ρ i ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ ) < j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) . (22)

By hypothesis 2), we have

b 0 ( x , u ) φ 0 [ i = 1 k λ ¯ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( u ) + ρ i ψ ( x , u ) σ ) ] < b 1 ( x , u ) φ 1 [ j = 1 m μ ¯ j g ( u ) j ] . (23)

with hypothesis 1) and 2), the above inequality yields

α ( x , u ) i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i , η ( x , u ) < α ( x , u ) j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) τ ψ ( x , u ) σ , ξ i f i ( u ) , i K , ζ j g j ( u ) , j M . (24)

That is

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i + j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) < τ α ( x , u ) ψ ( x , u ) σ , ξ i f i ( u ) , i K , ζ j g j ( u ) , j M . (25)

From τ 0 , which implies

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i + j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) < 0 , ξ i f i ( u ) , i K , ζ j g j ( u ) , j M . (26)

On the other hand, by using the constraint conditions of (MD), there exist

ξ i f i ( u ) , i K and ζ j g j ( u ) , j M ,

such that

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i + j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j = 0. (27)

Also,

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i + j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) = 0. (28)

which contradicts (26). Then the result is true.

Theorem 4.2. (weak duality) Let x X 0 and ( u , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) W be feasible solutions for (MP) and (MD), respectively. Moreover, assume that

1) ( f , g ) is (pseudo,quasi) invex of order σ ( B , φ ) V type II at u,

2) b 1 ( x , u ) > b 0 ( x , u ) > 0 ; a < b φ 0 ( a ) < φ 1 ( b ) = 0.

Then the following can hold:

f ( x ) F ( u ) ρ ψ ( x , u ) σ . (29)

Proof: Suppose contrary to the result that f ( x ) < F ( u ) ρ ψ ( x , u ) σ holds, then we have

f i ( x ) < f i ( u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) ρ i ψ ( x , u ) σ , i K . (30)

Also

f i ( x ) f i ( u ) + ρ i ψ ( x , u ) σ < j = 1 m μ ¯ j g i ( u ) , i K . (31)

Since λ ¯ i 0 , i K , i = 1 k λ ¯ i = 1 , which yields

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( u ) + ρ i ψ ( x , x ¯ ) σ ) < j = 1 m μ ¯ j g ( u ) j . (32)

It follows from hypothesis 2) that

b 0 ( x , u ) φ 0 [ i = 1 k λ ¯ i ( f i ( x ) f i ( u ) + ρ i ψ ( x , u ) σ ) ] < b 1 ( x , u ) φ 1 [ j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) ] = 0. (33)

In the view of hypothesis 1), one finds from (33) that

α ( x , u ) i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i , η ( x , u ) < 0 , ξ i f i ( u ) , i K . (34)

For α ( x , u ) > 0 , we have

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i , η ( x , u ) < 0 , ξ i f i ( u ) , i K . (35)

Since ( u , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) M is a feasible solution for (MD), there exist ξ i f i ( u ) , i K and ζ j g j ( u ) , j M such that

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i + j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j = 0. (36)

whence

i = 1 k λ ¯ i ξ i , η ( x , u ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) = 0. (37)

It follows from (35) that

j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) > 0. (38)

For β ( x , u ) > 0 and τ 0 , which yields

β ( x , u ) j = 1 m μ ¯ j ζ j , η ( x , u ) + τ ψ ( x , u ) σ > 0. (39)

From hypothesis 1), it follows that

b 1 ( x , u ) φ 1 [ j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) ] > 0. (40)

whence

b 1 ( x , u ) φ 1 [ j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( u ) ] < 0. (41)

which contradicts (33). Then the result is true.

The following definition is needed in the proof of the strong duality theorem.

Definition 4.1. A point u X is called a strict maximizer of order σ for (MD) with respect to a nonlinear function ψ : X × X R n , if there exists a constant ρ int R + k such that

F ( u ) + ρ ψ ( x , u ) σ F ( x ) , x X . (42)

Theorem 4.3. (strong duality) Assume that x ¯ X 0 is a strict minimizer of order σ with respect to ψ for (MP), also there exist λ ¯ 0 , i = 1 k λ ¯ i = 1 and μ ¯ 0 , such that 0 i = 1 k λ ¯ i f i ( x ¯ ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( x ¯ ) and j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( x ¯ ) = 0 . Furthermore, if all the hypothesis of Theorem 4.1 are satisfied for all feasible solutions of (MP) and (MD), then ( x ¯ , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) is a strict maximizer of order σ for (MD) with respect to ψ .

Proof: The hypothesis implies that ( x ¯ , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) is a feasible solution of (MD). By Theorem 4.1, for any feasible ( y , λ , μ ) of (MD), we have

f ( x ¯ ) F ( y ) ρ ψ ( x ¯ , y ) σ . (43)

That is

f i ( x ¯ ) f i ( y ) + j = 1 m μ j g j ( y ) ρ i ψ ( x ¯ , y ) σ , i K . (44)

Using j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( x ¯ ) = 0 , which yields

f i ( x ¯ ) + j = 1 m μ ¯ j g j ( x ¯ ) + ρ i ψ ( x ¯ , y ) σ f i ( y ) + j = 1 m μ j g j ( y ) , i K . (45)

whence

F ( x ¯ ) + ρ ψ ( x ¯ , y ) σ F ( y ) . (46)

Thus ( x ¯ , λ ¯ , μ ¯ ) is a strict maximizer of order σ for (MD) with respect to ψ .

5. Conclusion

In this paper, we have defined a class of new generalized functions. By using the new functions, we have presented a sufficient optimality condition and Wolfe type duality results for a nondifferentiable multiobjective problem. The present results can be further generalized for other programming problems.

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Program No. 15JK1456); Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China (Program No. 2017JM1041).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Cite this paper

An, G. and Ga, X.Y. (2018) Sufficiency and Wolfe Type Duality for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Programming Problems. Advances in Pure Mathematics, 8, 755-763. https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2018.88045

References

  1. 1. Clarke, F.H. (1983) Nonsmooth Optimization. John Wiley & Son, Hoboken.

  2. 2. Kim, D.S. and Bae, K.D. (2009) Optimality Conditions and Duality for a Class of Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Programming Problems. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics, 13, 789-804. https://doi.org/10.11650/twjm/1500405403

  3. 3. Agarwal, R.P., Ahmad, I., Zusain, H. and Jayswal, A. (2010) Optimality and Duality in Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization Involving V-Type I Invex Functions. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2010, Article ID: 898626. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/898626

  4. 4. Jayswal, A. (2010) On Sufficiency and Duality in Multiobjective Programming Problem under Generalized α-Type I Univexity. Journal of Global Optimization, 46, 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-009-9418-y

  5. 5. Antczak, T. (2012) Proper Efficiency Conditions and Duality Results for Nonsmooth Vector Optimization in Banach Spaces under -Invexity. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 75, 3107-3121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2011.12.009

  6. 6. Long, X.J. (2011) Optimality Conditions and Duality for a Class of Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Fractional Programming Problems with -Convexity. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 148, 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-010-9740-z

  7. 7. An, G. and Gao, X.Y. (2013) On Sufficiency in Multiobjective Fractional Programming Problems. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 10, 2943-2948. https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2013.3306

  8. 8. Zhen, Y.C. and Gao, X.Y. (2016) Sufficiency and Duality for Multiobjective Programming under New Invexity. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016, Article ID: 8462602. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8462602

  9. 9. Upadhyay, B.B. and Mishra, S.K. (2015) Nonsmooth Semi-Infinite Minmax Programming Involving Generalized -Invexity. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 28, 857-875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11424-015-2096-6

  10. 10. Yan, C.L. and Feng, B.C. (2015) Sufficiency and Duality for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Programming Problems Involving Generalized -V-Type I Functions. Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms in Operations Research, 14, 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10852-014-9264-x

  11. 11. Bae, K.D. and Kim, D.S. (2013) Optimality and Duality for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization Problems. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2013, 554. https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-554

  12. 12. Ahmad, I. and Al-Homidan, S. (2015) Sufficiency and Duality in Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Programming Involving Higher Order Strong Invexity. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2015, 309. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-015-0819-9