I. Nabi et al. / J. Biomedical Science and Engineering 6 (2013) 1077-1084 1083
nixin meglumine is the most effective and is anti-endo-
toxic at doses much lower than those required for anal-
gesia. Administration of hypertonic saline leads to reen-
try of extravascular fluid s into the vascular compartment
to produce a more rapid response and marked haemody-
namic effects than conventional use of isotonic solutions
[31]. Endotoxemia also leads to protein loss and reduced
colloidal oncotic pressure. The use of colloid therapy, in-
cluding synthetic and natural colloids, is therefore indi-
cated to mainta in the colloidal o ncotic pr ess ure and to r e-
plenish the protein loss [32]. The fluids are critical in the
pathogenesis and early resuscitation of septic shock. Ad-
ministration of fluids especially colloids and crystalloids
modulate inflammation, improve micro - v asu l ar p erf u si on ,
impact organ function and thereby outcome. The combi-
nation of all these factors might have led to survival of 3
out of 5 calves in the present st udy .
5. CONCLUSION
A perusal of clinical signs, clinical chemistry and patho-
logical lesions in dead calves indicated that there is a
muti-organ damage and pathologies induced by entotoxic
shock are critical for maintenance of life processes. If the
damage becomes irreparable, the animal may die. How-
ever, constituting timely therapeu tic regimens co ns is ti n g
of hypertonic saline solution, dextran-40, flunixin me-
glumine and whole blood infusion as used in the present
study could counter or reverse some of the deleterious
effects of endotoxins and th ereby save lives.
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