H. Y. LI ET AL.
96
Table 5 indicated that with the concentrations of NaCl
increased, the foaming capacity and foam stability in-
creased at first and then decreased. This was mainly be-
cause on the one hand, after adding electrolyte, ionic
atmosphere and the thickness of diffuse double layer of
the surfactant ionomers were compressed, and therefore
decreased the repulsion between them, so that surfactant
ions more quickly adsorbed on the surface to form mi-
celles; and with the Na+ concentration increased, more
Na+ into the ionic fog, micelles and adsorption layers, the
formation of the surface micelles speeded up, so that γ,
cmc decreased. In general, the lower γ and the smaller
cmc, the more easily bubble and the more stable foam.
On the other hand, NaCl reached a certain concentration,
diffuse double layer of the membrane was compressed,
and reduced repulsion between the membrane and accel-
erated the discharge fluid process. Therefore, NaCl addi-
tion of a small amount, will help improve the foam per-
formance of the products.
Table 6 indicated that with the concentrations of Ca2+,
Mg2+ increased, the foaming capacity and foam stability
Table 4. The effect of temperature on foaming properties of
the four surfactants.
Temperature/˚C 25 35 45 55 65
A H0min/cm 11 10.7 10.6 10.1 10
H
5min/cm 8.6 8.5 8.3 7.5 6.4
B H0min/cm 12.8 12.6 12.5 12 11.8
H
5min/cm 11.3 11.1 11.0 9.8 7.6
C H0min/cm 13.3 13.4 13.0 12 11.1
H
5min/cm 12.5 12.5 12.0 9.9 8.3
D H0min/cm 14.3 13.9 13.8 13.3 12.7
H
5min/cm 11.9 11.8 11.3 10.7 8.1
Table 5. The effect of the concentrations of NaCl on foaming
properties of the four surfactants.
W(NaCl)/% 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
A H0min/cm 10.6 11.5 12.312.3 11.9 10.35.9
H
5min/cm 8.3 9.0 10.09.6 9.5 7.0 3.0
B H0min/cm 12.5 12.5 13.5 13.2 13.0 12.3 12.0
H
5min/cm 11.0 11.0 11.411.3 11.0 10.39.5
C H0min/cm 13.0 13.5 12.3 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.3
H
5min/cm 12.0 12.2 8.88.8 8.7 8.57.8
D H0min/cm 13.8 14.0 11.811.5 11.3 10.8 10.6
H
5min/cm 11.3 11.5 5.55.5 5.5 4.54.3
Table 6. The effect of the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ on
foaming properties of the four surfactants.
w(Ca2+, Mg2+)/10–6 0 0.51.0 2.0 3.0 4.05.0
AH
0min/cm 10.610.610.5 10.4 10.1 9.89.5
H
5min/cm 8.38.38.1 8.0 7.9 7.97.8
BH
0min/cm 12.5 12.5 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.0 11.5
H
5min/cm 11.011.010.3 9.5 9.5 9.59.0
CH
0min/cm 13.0 12.3 12.2 11.9 11.8 11.6 10.9
H
5min/cm 12.010.910.7 10.7 10.4 108.8
DH
0min/cm 13.8 12.9 12.5 12.2 11.5 11.2 10.8
H
5min/cm 11.3 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.39.3
decreased. This was because, from the molecular struc-
ture -CH2COO- possessed poor resistance to hard water,
when encountering Ca2+, Mg2+, easily generated curd-
like material, and therefore affected the foam properties.
4. Conclusion
We prepared a series of novel cashew phenol polyoxye-
thylene-carboxylates modified anion-nonionic surfactants
through ring-opening polymerization, alkalizetion reac-
tion and nucleophilic substitution reaction. Because of
the unique structural features resulting from the presence
of ethylene oxide and carboxylic hydrophilic groups in a
single molecule, the auxiliaries exhibit good surface ac-
tivities, including low-surface tension, well-foaming and
wetting.
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