In vitro fertilisation (or fertilization; IVF) is a process by which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body: in vitro (“in glass”). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman’s ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman’s ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a liquid in a laboratory. The fertilised egg (zygote) is cultured for 2–6 days in a growth medium and is then transferred to the same or another woman’s uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy. It is a technique of assisted reproductive technology for treatment of infertility. In some situations, donated eggs or sperms may be used. Some countries ban or otherwise regulate the availability of IVF treatment, giving rise to fertility tourism. Restrictions on availability of IVF include costs and age to carry a healthy pregnancy to term. Due to the costs of the procedure, IVF is mostly attempted only after less expensive options have failed.

In the present book, fifteen typical literatures about In vitro fertilisation published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science, female genital procedures, cryobiology, fertility medicine, obstetrics, human pregnancy, reproduction, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in In vitro fertilisation as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.